GoLang之使用原子操作

注：本文基于Windos系统上Go SDK v1.8进行

1.原子操作性能比较

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

type Counter interface {
	Inc()
	Load() int64
}

// 普通版
type CommonCounter struct {
	counter int64
}

func (c CommonCounter) Inc() {
	c.counter++
}

func (c CommonCounter) Load() int64 {
	return c.counter
}

func test(c Counter) {
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	start := time.Now()
	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
		wg.Add(1)
		go func() {
			c.Inc()
			wg.Done()
		}()
	}
	wg.Wait()
	end := time.Now()
	fmt.Println(c.Load(), end.Sub(start))
}

func main() {
	c1 := CommonCounter{} // 非并发安全
	test(c1)//输出：0 2.0248ms
}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

type Counter interface {
	Inc()
	Load() int64
}

// 普通版
type CommonCounter struct {
	counter int64
}

func (c *CommonCounter) Inc() {
	c.counter++
}

func (c *CommonCounter) Load() int64 {
	return c.counter
}

func test(c Counter) {
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	start := time.Now()
	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
		wg.Add(1)
		go func() {
			c.Inc()
			wg.Done()
		}()
	}
	wg.Wait()
	end := time.Now()
	fmt.Println(c.Load(), end.Sub(start))
}

func main() {
	c1 := CommonCounter{} // 非并发安全
	test(&c1)
	/*
		第一次运行输出:991 1.9983ms
		第二次运行输出:984 2.4997ms
	*/
}

互斥锁版

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

type Counter interface {
	Inc()
	Load() int64
}

// 互斥锁版
type MutexCounter struct {
	counter int64
	lock    sync.Mutex
}

func (m *MutexCounter) Inc() {
	m.lock.Lock()
	defer m.lock.Unlock()
	m.counter++
}

func (m *MutexCounter) Load() int64 {
	m.lock.Lock()
	defer m.lock.Unlock()
	return m.counter
}

func test(c Counter) {
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	start := time.Now()
	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
		wg.Add(1)
		go func() {
			c.Inc()
			wg.Done()
		}()
	}
	wg.Wait()
	end := time.Now()
	fmt.Println(c.Load(), end.Sub(start))
}

func main() {
	c2 := MutexCounter{} // 使用互斥锁实现并发安全
	test(&c2)//输出：1000 2.0023ms
}

原子操作版

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"
)

type Counter interface {
	Inc()
	Load() int64
}

// 原子操作版
type AtomicCounter struct {
	counter int64
}

func (a *AtomicCounter) Inc() {
	atomic.AddInt64(&a.counter, 1)
}

func (a *AtomicCounter) Load() int64 {
	return atomic.LoadInt64(&a.counter)
}

func test(c Counter) {
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	start := time.Now()
	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
		wg.Add(1)
		go func() {
			c.Inc()
			wg.Done()
		}()
	}
	wg.Wait()
	end := time.Now()
	fmt.Println(c.Load(), end.Sub(start))
}

func main() {
	c3 := AtomicCounter{} // 并发安全且比互斥锁效率更高
	test(&c3)
	//输出：1000 2.0003ms
}