c#.net——c#.net异步实现网页信息爬取

之前研究各种语言异步的时候就想做一个C#版本的异步，但是毕竟好久不做了（也就是在大学期间用asp.net做了几个管理系统）

一开始写代码时完全蒙蔽了，语法啥的都忘差不多了~~研究了好几天，也参考了网上许多资料，终于写出了几行low逼代码

实现内容：异步并发爬取网页信息

首先异步的语法和其他语言都大同小异，async、await，定义异步方法的话要加async修饰符，如果你想在await调用，那么返回值必须为 Task

若返回值为Task，但是我们并没有await，也就是阻塞时返回继续执行，VS编译器也会给予提示，但可以正常运行

接下来说一下爬取程序的实现，也是也很简单，就是HTML匹配抓取关键字

先写一个方法 实现文本截取

public static string get_key_by_content(string content, string start, string end)
    {
        if (content.Contains(start) && content.Contains(end))
        {
            int start_point = content.IndexOf(start, 0, System.StringComparison.Ordinal) + start.Length;
            int end_point = content.IndexOf(end, start_point, System.StringComparison.Ordinal);
            return content.Substring(start_point, end_point - start_point);
        }
        else
        {
            return "";
        }
    }

以CSDN博客为例，截取标题、阅读量等信息

我们发现标题有一个超链接，于是我们把帖子的子url摘出来

string link_view = Common.get_key_by_content(content, "<span class=\"link_view\" title=\"阅读次数\">", "</span>");
                string link_title = Common.get_key_by_content(content, "<span class=\"link_title\"><a href=\"/"+childurl+"\">", "</a>");

整个爬取函数：

static async Task Spider(string RootUrl, int child, string childurl)
    {

        using (var client = new HttpClient())
        {
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri(RootUrl);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("text/html"));

            try
            {
                HttpResponseMessage response = await client.GetAsync(childurl);
                response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();   
                string content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
                string link_view = Common.get_key_by_content(content, "<span class=\"link_view\" title=\"阅读次数\">", "</span>");
                string link_title = Common.get_key_by_content(content, "<span class=\"link_title\"><a href=\"/"+childurl+"\">", "</a>");
                Console.WriteLine("第" + (child + 1).ToString() + "个帖子 " + link_title+"   "+link_view);
            }
            catch (HttpRequestException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
        }

    }

然后我们定义执行异步任务函数

static async void StartTask(string url)
    {
        for (int p = 0; p < Common.get_article_length(); p++)
        {
            //await WhileRun(url, p, Common.get_article_by_id(p));
            WhileRun(url, p, Common.get_article_by_id(p));
        }

    }

    static async Task WhileRun(string RootUrl, int p, string childurl)
    {
        while (true)
        {
            await Spider(RootUrl, p, childurl);
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
        }
    }

接下来只要定义几个帖子就可以了，由于C#没有全局的概念，所以我们要封装成一个类，同时给出获取帖子地址、帖子总数长度等方法。

完整代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;



public class Common
{
    static string[] articles = {
      "sm9sun/article/details/75395020",
      "sm9sun/article/details/75446875",
      "sm9sun/article/details/75449050",
      "sm9sun/article/details/75735001",
      "sm9sun/article/details/75309443",
      "sm9sun/article/details/76358660"
    };


    public static string get_article_by_id(int id)
    {
        if(id < articles.Length&&id>=0)
        {
            return articles[id];
        }
        else
        {
            return "error";
        }
    }

    public static int get_article_length()
    {
        return articles.Length;
    }

    public static string get_key_by_content(string content, string start, string end)
    {
        if (content.Contains(start) && content.Contains(end))
        {
            int start_point = content.IndexOf(start, 0, System.StringComparison.Ordinal) + start.Length;
            int end_point = content.IndexOf(end, start_point, System.StringComparison.Ordinal);
            return content.Substring(start_point, end_point - start_point);
        }
        else
        {
            return "";
        }
    }



}

class Program
{

    static void Main()
    {
        string RootUrl = "http://blog.csdn.net";
        StartTask(RootUrl);
        Console.WriteLine("gogogo!");
        Console.ReadLine();

    }

    static async void StartTask(string url)
    {
        for (int p = 0; p < Common.get_article_length(); p++)
        {
            //await WhileRun(url, p, Common.get_article_by_id(p));
            WhileRun(url, p, Common.get_article_by_id(p));
        }

    }

    static async Task WhileRun(string RootUrl, int p, string childurl)
    {
        while (true)
        {
            await Spider(RootUrl, p, childurl);
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
        }
    }

    static async Task Spider(string RootUrl, int child, string childurl)
    {

        using (var client = new HttpClient())
        {
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri(RootUrl);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("text/html"));

            try
            {
                HttpResponseMessage response = await client.GetAsync(childurl);
                response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();   
                string content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
                string link_view = Common.get_key_by_content(content, "<span class=\"link_view\" title=\"阅读次数\">", "</span>");
                string link_title = Common.get_key_by_content(content, "<span class=\"link_title\"><a href=\"/"+childurl+"\">", "</a>");
                Console.WriteLine("第" + (child + 1).ToString() + "个帖子 " + link_title+"   "+link_view);
            }
            catch (HttpRequestException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
        }

    }
}

运行截图：

顺带一提，我不是故意刷阅读量的~！~！

不是~！~！

真的不是~！~！