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定制rpm包

小禹说财 2022-05-10 阅读 127
nginxcentosrpm包Linux系统/运维

定制rpm包概述

什么是定制rpm包
将原本，使用源码安装的服务，打包成rpm包
为什么要定制rpm包
使用源码安装，步骤繁琐复杂，浪费时间，把源码包打成rpm包安装时可以节省时间，提高工作效率，做好rpm包，可以将rpm包放入yum仓库中，方便安装如何定制rpm包
如何定制rpm包

  • fpm
  • rpmbuild

安装fpm

fpm是ruby语法写的一种，定制rpm包的工具，所以在安装fpm之前，需要先安装ruby环境。

# 1.下载阿里云的base源和epel源
[root@localhost <sub>]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost </sub>]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
# 2.安装ruby环境
[root@localhost <sub>]# yum install -y ruby rubygems ruby-devel
# 3.查看gem默认的源
[root@localhost </sub>]# gem sources list
[root@localhost <sub>]# gem sources
*<strong> CURRENT SOURCES </strong>*
https://rubygems.org/
gem作用：gem和yum差不多，是包管理工具，yum来管理.rpm的包，gem来管理.gem包

# 4.删除gem默认官方源
[root@localhost </sub>]# gem  sources --remove https://rubygems.org/
[root@localhost <sub>]# gem sources
*<strong> CURRENT SOURCES </strong>*

# 5.添加阿里云的gem源
[root@localhost </sub>]# gem sources -a https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rubygems/
[root@localhost <sub>]# gem sources
*<strong> CURRENT SOURCES </strong>*
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rubygems/

# 6.安装fpm
[root@localhost </sub>]# yum install -y lrzsz 
[root@localhost <sub>]# gem install fpm -v 1.3.3  #贼慢

[root@localhost </sub>]# tar xf fpm-1.3.3.x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost <sub>]# gem install *.gem
[root@localhost </sub>]# echo $?

![1651131259649](C:\Users\59418\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\1651131259649.png)

报错原因：ruby版本是2.0，安装fpm工具需求是ruby版本要2.4.0以上
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep ruby
ruby-2.0.0.648-39.el7_9.x86_6

源码安装nginx

# 0.安装依赖
[root@localhost <sub>]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc pcre-devel openssl-devel
# 1.下载nginx源码包
[root@localhost </sub>]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz
# 2.解压
[root@localhost <sub>]tar xf nginx-1.20.2.tar.
# 3.生成
[root@localhost </sub>]# cd nginx-1.20.2
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx-1.20.2

[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx-1.20.2 --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module

# 4.编译和安装
[root@localhost ~]# make && make install

[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# vim /opt/nginx-1.20.2/html/index.html

使用fpm定制rpm包

fpm
-s：指定将什么打成rpm包（dir将目录打成rpm包）
-t：打成什么包（rpm 打成rpm包）
-n：指定包名,-n如何指定，yum就如何装（ngx）    yum install -y ngx
-v：指定版本号
-d：指定依赖包，在这指定后，yum安装的时候，会根据-d的内容自动安装对应的依赖
--post-install：安装rpm包之后，要执行的脚本
--pre-install：安装rpm包之前，要执行的脚本
--post-uninstall：卸载rpm包之后，要执行的脚本
--pre-uninstall：卸载rpm包之前，要执行的脚本
-f：指定要打包的路径

## 安装完nginx之后
1.做软链接
2.添加nginx的环境变量
## 先写脚本
[root@localhost <sub>]# vim post_install_nginx.sh
ln -s /opt/nginx-1.20.2 /opt/nginx
echo 'PATH="/opt/nginx/sbin:$PATH"' > /etc/profile.d/nginx1.sh


## fpm打包命令
fpm -s dir \
-t rpm \
-n nginx \
-v 1.20.2 \
-d 'openssl-devel,pcre-devel' \
--post-install /root/post_install_nginx.sh \
-f /opt/nginx-1.20.2

#fpm打包
[root@localhost </sub>]# fpm -s dir \
> -t rpm \
> -n nginx \
> -v 1.20.2 \
> -d 'openssl-devel,pcre-devel' \
> --post-install /root/post_install_nginx.sh \
> -f /opt/nginx-1.20.2
no value for epoch is set, defaulting to nil {:level=>:warn}
no value for epoch is set, defaulting to nil {:level=>:warn}
Created package {:path=>"nginx-1.20.2-1.x86_64.rpm"}
##安装
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh nginx-1.20.2-1.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:nginx-1.20.2-1                   ################################# [100%]

## 使用其他机器测试
rpm -ivh nginx-1.20.2-1.x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall -y nginx-1.20.2-1.x86_64.rpm

## 需要提前，下载好nginx需要的所有依赖包
rpm -Uvh *rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7           ################################# [ 20%]
2:libselinux-devel-2.5-15.el7      ################################# [ 40%]
3:krb5-devel-1.15.1-51.el7_9       ################################# [ 60%]
4:openssl-devel-1:1.0.2k-25.el7_9  ################################# [ 80%]
5:nginx-1.20.2-1                   ################################# [100%]

![1651139540177](C:\Users\59418\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\1651139540177.png)

fpm工具底层，调用了rpmbuild这个工具，所以需要提前安装rpmbuild
解决方法：yum install -y rpm-build
# 1. 拷贝到另一台虚拟机上
[root@localhost <sub>]# scp nginx-1.20.2-1.x86_64.rpm root@10.0.0.101:/root
The authenticity of host '10.0.0.101 (10.0.0.101)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:3nEOJkYPzLAslbZnyhe7yvoZjp7gvg4ZpKShnx/DJko.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:4b:d4:28:39:a9:6d:2e:c8:48:a2:9e:ec:52:37:5e:95.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.0.0.101' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@10.0.0.101's password: 
nginx-1.20.2-1.x86_64.rpm                         100% 2736KB  89.7MB/s   00:00 

# 2. 10.0.0.101 虚拟机安装rpm报错
[root@shiying </sub>]# rpm -ivh nginx-1.20.2-1.x86_64.rpm 
error: Failed dependencies:
  openssl-devel is needed by nginx-1.20.2-1.x86_64
  pcre-devel is needed by nginx-1.20.2-1.x86_64

[root@shiying <sub>]# ll
total 2740
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2801982 Apr 28 18:43 nginx-1.20.2-1.x86_64.rpm
# yum 解决依赖安装
[root@shiying </sub>]# yum localinstall -y nginx-1.20.2-1.x86_64.rpm 
[root@shiying <sub>]# ll /opt
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Apr 28 18:30 nginx -> /opt/nginx-1.20.2
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 74 Apr 28 18:44 nginx-1.20.2
[root@shiying </sub>]# ll /etc/profile.d/
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   29 Apr 28 18:44 nginx1.sh
[root@shiying <sub>]# cat /etc/profile.d/nginx1.sh 
PATH="/opt/nginx/sbin:$PATH"
[root@shiying </sub>]# source /etc/profile.d/nginx1.sh 
[root@shiying <sub>]# ng
ngettext  nginx     
[root@shiying </sub>]# nginx
[root@shiying ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx
root       5541      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nobody     5542   5541  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root       5545   1749  0 18:47 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

![1651142918599](C:\Users\59418\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\1651142918599.png)
作业：
1.制作一个nginx的yum仓库
2.nginx打好的rpm包和nginx所有的依赖包cd放入yum仓库
3.其他机器，不使用其他yum源情况下，只使用自定义nginx仓库安装nginx

新启虚拟机安装依赖包
[root@localhost <sub>]# yum install -y ruby rubygems ruby-devel

[root@localhost </sub>]# cp nginx-1.20.2-1.x86_64.rpm /data/yum_data/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages
[root@localhost ~]# ll /data/yum_data/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/
total 2740
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2801982 Apr 28 21:26 nginx-1.20.2-1.x86_64.rpm

![1651152483716](C:\Users\59418\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\1651152483716.png)

[root@localhost <sub>]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc pcre-devel openssl-devel--downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Package gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package gcc-c++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package glibc-2.17-325.el7_9.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
No package openssl-devel--downloadonly available.
Nothing to do

[root@localhost </sub>]# ll /tmp
total 8
drwx------. 3 root root  17 Apr 20 16:14 systemd-private-4dd8afe880b54aff95b6f9a1fd1419d6-systemd-hostnamed.service-BSY1dI
drwx------. 2 root root   6 Apr 20 16:28 vmware-root_548-2999460674
drwx------. 2 root root   6 Apr 20 16:16 vmware-root_555-4282367637
drwx------. 2 root root   6 Apr 20 16:12 vmware-root_557-4282236562
drwx------. 2 root root   6 Apr 20 16:14 vmware-root_559-4290559760
-rw-------. 1 root root 253 Apr 25 20:55 yum_save_tx.2022-04-25.20-55.3y78vk.yumtx
-rw-------. 1 root root 243 Apr 26 17:27 yum_save_tx.2022-04-26.17-27.BXAlUa.yumtx

[root@localhost ~]# cd /tmp
[root@localhost tmp]# cp ./* /data/yum_data/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/


[root@localhost tmp]# createrepo /data/yum_data/centos/7/os/x86_64/
Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs
Spawning worker 1 with 0 pkgs
Workers Finished
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete

![1651154029719](C:\Users\59418\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\1651154029719.png)

[root@localhost <sub>]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 40
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8515 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  616 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo

[root@localhost </sub>]# gzip -r /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost <sub>]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 549 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Base.repo.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 735 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-CR.repo.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 426 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 232 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-fasttrack.repo.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 381 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Media.repo.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 506 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Sources.repo.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 813 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Vault.repo.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 272 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo.gz

[root@localhost </sub>]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx_yum.repo

[shy003]
name=nginx remotebase
baseurl=http://10.0.0.106/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
shy003                                                                          | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
shy003/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                      | 1.7 kB  00:00:00     
repo id                                         repo name                                        status
shy003/7/x86_64                                 nginx remotebase                                 1
repolist: 1


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