PostgreSQL-WITH AS短语

WITH提供了一种方式来书写在一个大型查询中使用的辅助语句。这些语句通常被称为公共表表达式或CTE，
它们可以被看成是定义只在一个查询中存在的临时表。在WITH子句中的每一个辅助语句可以是一个SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE或DELETE，
并且WITH子句本身也可以被附加到一个主语句，主语句也可以是SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE或DELETE。

WITH regional_sales AS (
    SELECT region, SUM(amount) AS total_sales
    FROM orders
    GROUP BY region
), top_regions AS (
    SELECT region
    FROM regional_sales
    WHERE total_sales > (SELECT SUM(total_sales)/10 FROM regional_sales)
)
SELECT region,
       product,
       SUM(quantity) AS product_units,
       SUM(amount) AS product_sales
FROM orders
WHERE region IN (SELECT region FROM top_regions)
GROUP BY region, product;

with语句与全连接

WITH RECURSIVE included_parts(sub_part, part, quantity) AS (
    SELECT sub_part, part, quantity FROM parts WHERE part = 'our_product'
  UNION ALL
    SELECT p.sub_part, p.part, p.quantity
    FROM included_parts pr, parts p
    WHERE p.part = pr.sub_part
)
SELECT sub_part, SUM(quantity) as total_quantity
FROM included_parts
GROUP BY sub_part

 创建表、插入数据

--DROP TABLE COMPANY;
CREATE TABLE COMPANY(
   ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,
   NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
   AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
   ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
   SALARY         REAL
);
INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );

INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );

INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );

INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );

INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (5, 'David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00 );

INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
VALUES (6, 'Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00 );

INSERT INTO COMPANY VALUES (7, 'James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00 );

接下来让我们使用 RECURSIVE 关键字和 WITH 子句编写一个查询，查找 SALARY(工资) 字段小于 20000 的数据并计算它们的和：

WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
   VALUES (0)
   UNION ALL
   SELECT SALARY FROM COMPANY WHERE SALARY < 20000
)
SELECT sum(n) FROM t;

建立一张和 COMPANY 表相似的 COMPANY1 表，使用 DELETE 语句和 WITH 子句删除 COMPANY 表中 SALARY(工资) 字段大于等于 30000 的数据，并将删除的数据插入 COMPANY1 表，实现将 COMPANY 表数据转移到 COMPANY1 表中：

CREATE TABLE COMPANY1(
   ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,
   NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
   AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
   ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
   SALARY         REAL
);

--删除 COMPANY 表中 SALARY(工资) 字段大于等于 30000 的数据，

WITH moved_rows AS ( DELETE FROM COMPANY WHERE SALARY >= 30000 RETURNING * )

--并将删除的数据插入 COMPANY1 表
INSERT INTO COMPANY1 (SELECT * FROM moved_rows);

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