python+requests+pytest+allure自动化框架

一、概述

1.1简介

1.2功能

1.3优点

1.4RESTful入门案例

 //设置当前请求方法为DELETE，表示REST风格中的删除操作
    //@PathVariable注解用于设置路径变量（路径参数），要求路径上设置对应的占位符，并且占位符名称与方法形参名称相同
    @RequestMapping(value = "/users/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    @ResponseBody
    public String delete(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("user delete..." + id);
        return "{'module':'user delete'}";
    }

DELETE http://localhost:8080/users/1

@RequestBody  @RequestParam  @PathVariable的区别 

1.5RESTful快速开发

 改进

package com.yanyu.controller;

import com.yanyu.pojo.Book;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

//@Controller
//@ResponseBody配置在类上可以简化配置，表示设置当前每个方法的返回值都作为响应体
//@ResponseBody
@RestController     //使用@RestController注解替换@Controller与@ResponseBody注解，简化书写
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {

    //    @RequestMapping( method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @PostMapping        //使用@PostMapping简化Post请求方法对应的映射配置
    public String save(@RequestBody Book book){
        System.out.println("book save..." + book);
        return "{'module':'book save'}";
    }

    //    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")     //使用@DeleteMapping简化DELETE请求方法对应的映射配置
    public String delete(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("book delete..." + id);
        return "{'module':'book delete'}";
    }

    //    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    @PutMapping         //使用@PutMapping简化Put请求方法对应的映射配置
    public String update(@RequestBody Book book){
        System.out.println("book update..."+book);
        return "{'module':'book update'}";
    }

    //    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @GetMapping("/{id}")    //使用@GetMapping简化GET请求方法对应的映射配置
    public String getById(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("book getById..."+id);
        return "{'module':'book getById'}";
    }

    //    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @GetMapping             //使用@GetMapping简化GET请求方法对应的映射配置
    public String getAll(){
        System.out.println("book getAll...");
        return "{'module':'book getAll'}";
    }
}

@RestController

@GetMapping  @PostMapping

@PutMapping @DeleteMapping

 1.6案例实现

实体类

package com.yanyu.pojo;

import lombok.*;

@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ToString
public class Book {
    private Integer id;
    private String type;
    private String name;
    private String description;


}

 控制类

package com.yanyu.controller;




import com.yanyu.pojo.Book;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {

    @PostMapping
    public String save(@RequestBody Book book){
        System.out.println("book save ==> "+ book);
        return "{'module':'book save success'}";
    }

    @GetMapping
    public List<Book> getAll(){
        System.out.println("book getAll is running ...");
        List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<Book>();

        Book book1 = new Book();
        book1.setType("计算机");
        book1.setName("SpringMVC入门教程");
        book1.setDescription("小试牛刀");
        bookList.add(book1);

        Book book2 = new Book();
        book2.setType("计算机");
        book2.setName("SpringMVC实战教程");
        book2.setDescription("一代宗师");
        bookList.add(book2);

        Book book3 = new Book();
        book3.setType("计算机丛书");
        book3.setName("SpringMVC实战教程进阶");
        book3.setDescription("一代宗师呕心创作");
        bookList.add(book3);

        return bookList;
    }

}

测试

POST http://localhost:8080/books
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "id" : 11111,
  "type" : "计算机丛书",
  "name" : "Springmvc",
  "description" : "好书"

}

GET http://localhost:8080/books

配置类-过滤器

package com.itheima.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;

@Configuration
public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    //设置静态资源访问过滤，当前类需要设置为配置类，并被扫描加载
    @Override
    protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        //当访问/pages/????时候，从/pages目录下查找内容
        registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**").addResourceLocations("/pages/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**").addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
    }
}

二、拦截器

2.1概述

2.2入门案例

拦截器配置

package com.yanyu.interceptor;



import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;



@Component
//定义拦截器类，实现HandlerInterceptor接口
//注意当前类必须受Spring容器控制
public class ProjectInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    //原始方法调用前执行的内容
    //返回值类型可以拦截控制的执行，true放行，false终止
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        String contentType = request.getHeader("Content-Type");
        HandlerMethod hm = (HandlerMethod)handler;
        System.out.println("preHandle..."+contentType);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    //原始方法调用后执行的内容
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle...");
    }

    @Override
    //原始方法调用完成后执行的内容
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion...");
    }
}

 监听器

package com.yanyu.config;


import com.yanyu.interceptor.ProjectInterceptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;

@Configuration
public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    @Autowired
    private ProjectInterceptor projectInterceptor;
    //设置静态资源访问过滤，当前类需要设置为配置类，并被扫描加载
    @Override
    protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        //当访问/pages/????时候，从/pages目录下查找内容
        registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**")
                .addResourceLocations("/pages/");
    }

    @Override
    protected void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(projectInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/books","/books/*");
    }
}

测试

POST http://localhost:8080/books
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "id" : 11111,
  "type" : "计算机丛书",
  "name" : "Springmvc",
  "description" : "好书"

}

2.3运行流程

2.4拦截器参数

前置处理方法

原始方法之前运行preHandle

public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,
                         HttpServletResponse response,
                         Object handler) throws Exception {
    //handler:被调用的处理器对象，本质上是一个方法对象，对反射中的Method对象进行了再包装
    return true;
}

 使用handler参数，可以获取方法的相关信息,例如

public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
    HandlerMethod hm = (HandlerMethod)handler;
    String methodName = hm.getMethod().getName();//可以获取方法的名称
    return true;
}

后置处理方法

@Override
    //原始方法调用后执行的内容
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle...");
    }

前三个参数和上面的是一致的。

modelAndView: 如果处理器执行完成具有返回结果，可以读取到对应数据与页面信息，并进行调整

因为咱们现在都是返回 json 数据，所以该参数的使用率不高。

完成处理方法

拦截器最后执行的方法，无论原始方法是否执行

public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,
                            HttpServletResponse response,
                            Object handler,
                            Exception ex) throws Exception {
    System.out.println("afterCompletion");
}
//ex:如果处理器执行过程中出现异常对象，可以针对异常情况进行单独处理  
//因为我们现在已经有全局异常处理器类，所以该参数的使用率也不高。

2.5拦截器链配置