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JAVA-多线程篇

栖桐 2022-04-21 阅读 63
java多线程lock

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程序、进程、线程

线程的创建

继承Thread类

//todo 继承Thread类
public class Test1 extends Thread{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //todo 创建线程对象
        Test1 test1 = new Test1();
        //todo 调用start对象
        test1.start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("主线程"+i);
            sleep(1);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //super.run();
        //todo 重写run方法
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("重写的run方法"+i);
            try {
                sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

实现Runnable接口

import static java.lang.Thread.sleep;

//todo 实现Runnable接口
public class Test1 implements Runnable{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //todo 创建 Runnable接口实现类对象
        Test1 test1 = new Test1();

        //todo 创建线程对象，通过线程对象来开启我们的线程
        new Thread(test1).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("主线程"+i);
            sleep(1);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //super.run();
        //todo 重写run方法
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("重写的run方法"+i);
            try {
                sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

例子(抢票)：

//todo 实现Runnable接口
public class Test1 implements Runnable{
    public static int tickeNums=10;
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //创建实现Runnable接口实现类
        Test1 test1 = new Test1();

        new Thread(test1,"t1").start();
        new Thread(test1,"t2").start();
        new Thread(test1,"t3").start();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while(true){
            if(tickeNums==0){
                break;
            }
            //Thread.currentThread().getName()获取调用这个线程的对象名
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+tickeNums--+"票；");
        }
    }
}

上述操作带来的问题:发现有数据重复，这就是多个操作针对同一资源所带来得数据混乱即线程不安全；

实现Callable接口

import java.util.concurrent.*;

//todo 实现Callable接口
public class Test1 implements Callable<Boolean> {
    public static int tickeNums=10;
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

        Test1 test1 = new Test1();
        Test1 test2 = new Test1();
        Test1 test3 = new Test1();
        //创建执行服务
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

        //提交执行
        Future<Boolean> submit1 = executorService.submit(test1);
        Future<Boolean> submit2 = executorService.submit(test2);
        Future<Boolean> submit3 = executorService.submit(test3);

        //获取结果
        Boolean aBoolean1 = submit1.get();
        Boolean aBoolean2 = submit2.get();
        Boolean aBoolean3 = submit3.get();
        System.out.println(aBoolean1+":"+aBoolean2+":"+aBoolean1);
        //关闭服务
        executorService.shutdownNow();
    }

    @Override
    public Boolean call() {

        while(true){
            if(tickeNums==0){
                break;
            }
            //Thread.currentThread().getName()获取调用这个线程的对象名
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+tickeNums--+"票；");
        }
        return true;
    }
}

线程状态

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public class Test1 implements Runnable {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(new Test1());
        //观察线程状态 new
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

        //观察线程状态 runnable
        thread.start();
         state  = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

        while (state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED) {
           Thread.sleep(100);
             state  = thread.getState();
            System.out.println(state);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("执行");
        }
    }
}

常用方法

Thread thread = new Thread();
        //更改线程优先级
        thread.setPriority(10);
        //类方法,在指定的毫秒数内让当前正在执行的线程体休眠
        Thread.sleep(10);
        //等待该线程终止
        thread.join();
        //类方法，暂停当前正在执行的线程对象，并执行其他线程
        Thread.yield();
        //中断线程，不建议使用
        thread.interrupt();
        //测试线程是否处于活动状态
        boolean alive = thread.isAlive();

停止线程flag

线程休眠sleep

礼让线程yield

线程强制执行join

public class Test1 implements Runnable {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Test1 test1 = new Test1();
        Thread thread = new Thread(test1);
        thread.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            if (i==500){
                thread.join();
            }
            System.out.println("main执行"+i);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("vip插队"+i);
        }
    }
}

线程优先级

public class Test1{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

        Test2 test2 = new Test2();
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(test2);
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(test2);
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(test2);
        Thread thread4 = new Thread(test2);

        //设置线程优先级，要先设置再启动
        thread1.start();

        thread2.setPriority(5);
        thread2.start();

        thread3.setPriority(7);
        thread3.start();

        thread4.setPriority(3);
        thread4.start();
    }
}

 class Test2 implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

守护（daemon）线程

public class Test1{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test2 test2 = new Test2();
        Test3 test3 = new Test3();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(test3);
        //默认所有的线程都是用户线程
        thread1.setDaemon(true);
        thread1.start();


        Thread thread = new Thread(test2);
        thread.start();


    }
}

 class Test2 implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("用户线程");
        }
        System.out.println("用户线程结束");
    }
}

class Test3 implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            System.out.println("守护线程");
        }
    }
}

线程同步

同步方法

public class Test1{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test2 test2 = new Test2();
        new Thread(test2,"你").start();
        new Thread(test2,"我").start();
        new Thread(test2,"他").start();
    }
}

 class Test2 implements Runnable {

     private int num=1000;
    boolean flag=true;

     @Override
    public void run() {
       while (flag){
           try {
               num_();
           } catch (InterruptedException e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
           }
       }
    }


    //加上synchronized
    public synchronized void num_() throws InterruptedException {
         if (num<=0){
             flag=false;
             return;
         }
         //检查并发性
         Thread.sleep(100);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"获得了数字"+num--);
    }
}

同步块

public class Test1{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test3 test3 = new Test3(1000);

        Test2 test2 = new Test2(test3);
        Thread you = new Thread(test2, "你");
        Thread me = new Thread(test2, "我");
        you.start();
        me.start();
    }
}

 class Test2 implements Runnable {

    private Test3 test3;
    boolean flag=true;

     public Test2(Test3 test3) {
         this.test3 = test3;
     }

     @Override
    public void run() {
       while (flag){
           try {
               //synchronized默认锁的是this,现在用块锁住test3对象
               synchronized (test3){
                   num_();
               }
           } catch (InterruptedException e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
           }
       }
    }


    public void num_() throws InterruptedException {
         if (test3.getNum()<=0){
             flag=false;
             return;
         }
         //检查并发性
         Thread.sleep(100);
        test3.setNum(test3.getNum()-1);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"获得了数字"+test3.getNum( ));
    }
}

//存放数字100
 class Test3{
   private int num;

     public Test3(int num) {
         this.num = num;
     }

     public int getNum() {
         return num;
     }

     public void setNum(int num) {
         this.num = num;
     }
 }

CopyOnWriteArrayList（JUC集合）

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

public class Test1{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> strings = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                strings.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        Thread.sleep(100);
        System.out.println(strings.size());
    }
}

死锁

LOCK（锁）

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Test1 implements Runnable{
    int num=10;
    //定义lock
    private final ReentrantLock lock=new ReentrantLock();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Test1 test1 = new Test1();
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(test1);
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(test1);
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(test1);
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){

            try {
                lock.lock();//加锁
                //将会锁的对象放入try中
                if(num==0){
                    break;
                }else {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+num--);
                }

            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();//释放锁
            }

        }
    }
}

synchronized与lock的对比

线程通信

在这里插入图片描述
注意：均是object类的方法，都只能在同步方法或者同步代码块中使用，否则会抛出异常IllegalMonitorStateException

管程法

public class TestPC {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer synContainer = new SynContainer();
        Productor productor = new Productor(synContainer);
        Consumer consumer = new Consumer(synContainer);
        productor.start();
        consumer.start();
    }
}

//todo 生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;
    public Productor(SynContainer container){
        this.container=container;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("生产:"+i);
            try {
                container.push(new Thing(i));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

//todo 消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;
    public Consumer(SynContainer container){
        this.container=container;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            try {
                System.out.println("消费："+container.pop().id);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

//todo 产品
class Thing{
    int id;//编号

    public Thing(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

//todo 缓冲区
class SynContainer{
    //放产品的容器
    Thing[] things=new Thing[10];
    //容器计数器
    int count=0;

   //生产者放入产品
   public synchronized void push(Thing thing) throws InterruptedException {
       //如果容器满了，等待消费者生产
       if(count==things.length){
           //通知消费者消费，生产等待
           this.wait();
       }
           //如果没有满，继续生产产品
           things[count]=thing;
           count++;


       //通知消费者消费
       this.notifyAll();
   }

   public synchronized Thing pop() throws InterruptedException {
       Thing thing = null;
       //判断是否可以消费
       if(count==0){
           //等待生产者生产，消费者等待
            this.wait();
       }
           //如果可以消费
           count--;
           thing=things[count];

       
       //通知生产者生产
       this.notifyAll();
       return thing;
   }

}

信号灯法（标志位）

线程池

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class TestPC {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建线程池 newFixedThreadPool参数为线程池的大小
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

        //执行
        executorService.execute(new Productor());
        executorService.execute(new Productor());
        executorService.execute(new Productor());

        //关闭连接
        executorService.shutdown();
    }
}


class Productor implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+i);
    }
}

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