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4.5 MySQL 5.7.26 二进制版本安装
4.5.1 下载并上传软件至/server/tools
[root@db01 ~]# mkdir -p /server/tools
[root@db01 ~]# cd /server/tools/
[root@db01 /server/tools]# yum install -y lrzsz
[root@db01 /server/tools]# ls
mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
4.5.2 解压软件
[root@db01 /server/tools]# tar xf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@db01 ~]# mkdir /application
[root@db01 /server/tools]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /application/mysql
4.5.3 用户的创建处理原始环境
[root@db01 ~]# yum remove mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 -y
[root@db01 ~]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
[root@db01 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
4.5.4 设置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@db01 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
4.5.5 创建数据路径并授权
1. 添加一块新磁盘模拟数据盘
2. 格式化并挂载磁盘
[root@db01 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb
[root@db01 ~]# mkdir /data
[root@db01 ~]# blkid
[root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@db01 ~]# UUID="b21ec3e0-e251-4ded-bc12-2d940f938dd5" /data xfs defaults 0 0
[root@db01 ~]# mount -a
[root@db01 ~]# df -h
3. 授权
[root@db01 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/*
[root@db01 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data
4.5.6 初始化数据（创建系统数据）
# 5.6 版本 初始化命令 /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db
# 5.7 版本
[root@db01 ~]# mkdir /data/mysql/data -p
[root@db01 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data
[root@db01 ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
说明：
--initialize 参数：
1. 对于密码复杂度进行定制：12位，4种
2. 密码过期时间：180
3. 给root@localhost用户设置临时密码
报错:
mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决：
[root@db01 ~]# yum install -y libaio-devel
[root@db01 ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
2019-06-13T04:21:27.706564Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: =mrV)_16is4U
--initialize-insecure 参数：
无限制，无临时密码
[root@db01 /data/mysql/data]# \rm -rf /data/mysql/data/*
[root@db01 ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
4.5.7 配置文件的准备
cat >/etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
server_id=6
port=3306
[mysql]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
EOF
4.5.8 启动数据库
1. sys-v
[root@db01 /etc/init.d]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@db01 /etc/init.d]# service mysqld restart
ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
SUCCESS!
2. systemd
注意： sysv方式启动过的话，需要先提前关闭，才能以下方式登录
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
5. 如何分析处理MySQL数据库无法启动
5.1 without updating PID 类似错误
查看日志：
在哪？
/data/mysql/data/主机名.err
[ERROR] 上下文
可能情况：
/etc/my.cnf 路径不对等
/tmp/mysql.sock文件修改过 或 删除过
数据目录权限不是mysql
参数改错了
6.管理员密码的设定（root@localhost）
[root@db01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password oldboy123
Enter password:
7. 管理员用户密码忘记了？
7.1 关闭数据库
[root@db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
7.2 启动数据库到维护模式
[root@db01 ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
7.3 登录并修改密码
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by '1';
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by '1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
7.4
登录数据库报错案例：忘记密码
7.1 关闭数据库
[root@db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
7.2 启动数据库到维护模式
[root@db01 ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
7.3 登录并修改密码
1，
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by '1';
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by '1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2，
[root@localhost data]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@db01 ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
update user set authentication_string=password("123456") where user='root';
flush privileges;
killall mysqld
ps -aux|grep mysql
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
mysql -uroot -p
killall mysqld
ps -aux|grep mysqld
service mysqld start
mysql -uroot
use mysql;
update user set authentication_string=password("123456") where user='root';
flush privileges;
mysql远程连接报错： Host * is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server，解决方法
localhost改成%
1.进入mysql的BIN目录
注：root为管理员用户名，password为用户root的密码：
mysql -u root -p password
mysql>use mysql;
mysql>update user set host ='%'where user ='root' and host ='localhost';
mysql>flush privileges;
注：这时候连接此服务器的mysql客户端需要重新启动下，然后再连接此服务器。
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| localhost.localdomain | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| ::1 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| localhost | | |
| localhost.localdomain | | |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user set host ='%'where user ='root' and host ='localhost.localdomain';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
