yum的命令行选项：
-y #自动回答为"yes"
-q #静默模式
--nogpgcheck #禁止进行gpg check
--enablerepo=repoidglob #临时启用此处指定的repo，支持通配符，如："*"
--disablerepo=repoidglob #临时禁用此处指定的repo,和上面语句同时使用，放在后面的生效
yum repolist
yum repolist all
yum list installed
yum list available
yum list updates
yum list httpd
yum install
yum install -y
yum remove
yum check-update
yum search
yum deplist
yum history [info] [序号]
[root@rocky8 yum.repos.d]# yum list installed |head #查看已经安装的包
Installed Packages
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.36.0-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.36.0-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.36.0-4.el8 @anaconda
NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.36.0-4.el8 @anaconda
acl.x86_64 2.2.53-1.el8.1 @anaconda
audit.x86_64 3.0.7-2.el8.2 @anaconda
audit-libs.x86_64 3.0.7-2.el8.2 @anaconda
authselect.x86_64 1.2.2-3.el8 @anaconda
authselect-libs.x86_64 1.2.2-3.el8 @anaconda
[root@rocky8 yum.repos.d]# yum list available |head #查看可安装的包
Last metadata expiration check: 0:19:15 ago on Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST.
Available Packages
3proxy.x86_64 0.8.13-1.el8 epel
AMF-devel.noarch 1.4.23-2.el8 epel
AMF-samples.noarch 1.4.23-2.el8 epel
AusweisApp2.x86_64 1.22.3-1.el8 epel
AusweisApp2-data.noarch 1.22.3-1.el8 epel
AusweisApp2-doc.noarch 1.22.3-1.el8 epel
BackupPC.x86_64 4.4.0-1.el8 epel
BackupPC-XS.x86_64 0.62-1.el8 epel
[root@rocky8 yum.repos.d]# yum list updates #查看可升级的包
[root@rocky8 yum.repos.d]# yum list httpd #查看指定的包
Last metadata expiration check: 0:20:46 ago on Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST.
Available Packages
httpd.x86_64 2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1 appstream
[root@rocky8 yum.repos.d]# yum list exim* #支持通配符
Last metadata expiration check: 0:21:36 ago on Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST.
Available Packages
exim.x86_64 4.95-1.el8 epel
exim-greylist.x86_64 4.95-1.el8 epel
exim-mon.x86_64 4.95-1.el8 epel
exim-mysql.x86_64 4.95-1.el8 epel
exim-pgsql.x86_64 4.95-1.el8 epel
安装程序包
yum install package1 [package2] [...]
yum reinstall package1 [package2] [...] #重新安装
--downloadonly #只下载相关包默认至/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/目录下,而不执行
install/upgrade/erase
--downloaddir=<path>, --destdir=<path> #--downloaddir选项来指定下载的目录,如果不存在
自动创建
安装 EPEL 源包
[root@rocky8 ~]# yum install epel-release老司机来了😁😁😁
[root@rocky8 ~]# yum install sl
[root@rocky8 ~]# rpm -ql sl
/usr/bin/sl
/usr/lib/.build-id
/usr/lib/.build-id/cb
/usr/lib/.build-id/cb/664a85114a0cb25cf0460ada9ed86a7b128658
/usr/share/doc/sl
/usr/share/doc/sl/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/sl/README.ja.md
/usr/share/doc/sl/README.md
/usr/share/man/ja/man1/sl.1.ja.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/sl.1.gz
#运行安装sl程序，可以看到下面火车，这标志着我们可以当老司机了
[root@rocky8 ~]# sl -a
牛也会说话了😁😁😁😁😁
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf -y install cowsay
[root@rocky8 ~]# rpm -ql cowsay
/usr/bin/animalsay
/usr/bin/cowsay
/usr/bin/cowthink
[root@rocky8 ~]# cowsay hello
_______
< hello >
-------
\ ^__^
\ (oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
|| ||
[root@rocky8 ~]# cowthink hello
_______
( hello )
-------
o ^__^
o (oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
|| ||
[root@rocky8 ~]# animalsay what #随机生成程序自带的一个图案
______
< what >
------
\ ,-----.
/ | |
\ ,--| |-.
/ __,----| | | |
\ ,;:: | `_____' |
/ `._______| i^i |
\ `----| |---'| .
/ ,-------._| |== ||//
\ | |_|P`. /'/
/ `-------' 'Y Y/'/'
\ .== /_
^__^ / /'| `i
(oo)_______ /' / | |
(__) )\/\ /' / | `i
||----w|| ___,;`----'.___L_,-'`__
|| || i_____;----.____i""____
2.1、yum客户端配置
yum客户端配置文件
/etc/yum.conf #为所有仓库提供公共配置
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo： #为每个仓库的提供配置文件
repo仓库配置文件指向的定义：
[repositoryID]
name=Some name for this repository
baseurl=url://path/to/repository/
enabled={1|0}
gpgcheck={1|0}
gpgkey=URL
enablegroups={1|0}
failovermethod={roundrobin|priority}
roundrobin： 意为随机挑选，默认值
priority: 按顺序访问
cost= 默认为1000
yum服务器的baseurl形式：
file:// 本地路径
http://
https://
ftp://
注意：yum仓库指向的路径一定必须是repodata目录所在目录
相关变量
yum的repo配置文件中可用的变量：
$releasever: 当前OS的发行版的主版本号，如：8，7，6
$arch: CPU架构，如：aarch64, i586, i686，x86_64等
$basearch：系统基础平台；i386, x86_64
$contentdir：表示目录，比如：centos-8，centos-7
$YUM0-$YUM9:自定义变量
[root@rocky8 ~]# cat /etc/yum.conf
[main]
gpgcheck=1 #安装包前要做包的合法和完整性校验
installonly_limit=3 #同时可以安装3个包，最小值为2，如设为0或1，为不限制
clean_requirements_on_remove=True #删除包时，是否将不再使用的包删除
best=True #升级时，自动选择安装最新版，即使缺少包的依赖
skip_if_unavailable=False
Rocky 系统的yum源
#南京大学
https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/rocky/$releasever/
#上海交大
https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/rocky/$releasever/
#阿里云
https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror
2.2、配置 yum 的系统和extras源仓库
备份/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo 到 bak目录下
新建.repo文件配置如下：
[root@rocky8 yum.repos.d]# cat baseos.repo # 配置baseos源
[baseos]
name=baseos
baseurl=file:///misc/cd/BaseOS # 本地光盘为yum源
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rockyofficial
[root@rocky8 yum.repos.d]# cat appstream.repo # 配置appstream源
[appstream]
name=appstream
baseurl=file:///misc/cd/AppStream # 本地光盘为yum源
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@rocky8 yum.repos.d]# cat extras.repo # 配置extras源
[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os #阿里云为源
gpgcheck=0
[root@rocky8 yum.repos.d]# cat epel.repo # 配置epel源
[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64 #阿里云为源
gpgcheck=0
[root@rocky8 yum.repos.d]# ls
appstream.repo bak baseos.repo epel.repo extras.repo
[root@rocky8 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist -v
Loaded plugins: builddep, changelog, config-manager, copr, debug, debuginfo-install, download, generate_completion_cache, groups-manager, needs-restarting, playground, repoclosure, repodiff, repograph, repomanage, reposync
YUM version: 4.7.0
cachedir: /var/cache/dnf
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:41 ago on Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST.
Repo-id : appstream
Repo-name : appstream
Repo-revision : 8.6
Repo-distro-tags : [cpe:/o:rocky:rocky:8]: , , 8, L, R, c, i, k, n, o, u, x, y
Repo-updated : Mon 16 May 2022 05:01:50 AM CST
Repo-pkgs : 6,549
Repo-available-pkgs: 5,339
Repo-size : 8.3 G
Repo-baseurl : file:///misc/cd/AppStream
Repo-expire : 172,800 second(s) (last: Mon 11 Jul 2022 09:07:14 PM CST)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/appstream.repo
Repo-id : baseos
Repo-name : baseos
Repo-revision : 8.6
Repo-distro-tags : [cpe:/o:rocky:rocky:8]: , , 8, L, R, c, i, k, n, o, u, x, y
Repo-updated : Mon 16 May 2022 04:59:01 AM CST
Repo-pkgs : 1,716
Repo-available-pkgs: 1,714
Repo-size : 1.3 G
Repo-baseurl : file:///misc/cd/BaseOS
Repo-expire : 172,800 second(s) (last: Mon 11 Jul 2022 09:07:16 PM CST)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/baseos.repo
Repo-id : epel
Repo-name : epel
Repo-revision : 1657505844
Repo-updated : Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:35:20 AM CST
Repo-pkgs : 8,655
Repo-available-pkgs: 8,655
Repo-size : 12 G
Repo-baseurl : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64
Repo-expire : 172,800 second(s) (last: Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
Repo-id : extras
Repo-name : extras
Repo-revision : 1657221548
Repo-distro-tags : [cpe:/o:rocky:rocky:8]: , , 8, L, R, c, i, k, n, o, u, x, y
Repo-updated : Fri 08 Jul 2022 05:33:20 AM CST
Repo-pkgs : 41
Repo-available-pkgs: 41
Repo-size : 3.0 M
Repo-baseurl : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/8/extras/x86_64/os
Repo-expire : 172,800 second(s) (last: Mon 11 Jul 2022 09:11:11 PM CST)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/extras.repo
Total packages: 16,961
2.3、只下载相关的依赖包,而不安装
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf -y install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/date/httpd httpd
[root@rocky8 ~]# cd /date/
[root@rocky8 date]# ls
httpd
[root@rocky8 date]# cd httpd/
[root@rocky8 httpd]# ls
apr-1.6.3-12.el8.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.1.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.1.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.1.x86_64.rpm
httpd-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.x86_64.rpm
httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.noarch.rpm
httpd-tools-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.x86_64.rpm
mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch.rpm
mod_http2-1.15.7-5.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.x86_64.rpm
rocky-logos-httpd-85.0-4.el8.noarch.rpm
注意: 下载包也可以通过启用配置文件实现
卸载程序包
[root@rocky8 httpd]# yum remove httpd
Dependencies resolved.
==========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==========================================================================================
Removing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1 @appstream 4.3 M
Removing unused dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.6.3-12.el8 @appstream 272 k
apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8.1 @appstream 217 k
apr-util-bdb x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8.1 @appstream 11 k
apr-util-openssl x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8.1 @appstream 20 k
httpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1 @appstream 400
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1 @appstream 194 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.48-3.el8 @baseos 71 k
mod_http2 x86_64 1.15.7-5.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1 @appstream 394 k
rocky-logos-httpd noarch 85.0-4.el8 @baseos 22 k
Transaction Summary
==========================================================================================
Remove 10 Packages
Freed space: 5.5 M
Is this ok [y/N]:
2.4、查询
[root@rocky8 ~]# yum info tree
Last metadata expiration check: 0:53:14 ago on Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST.
Installed Packages
Name : tree
Version : 1.7.0
Release : 15.el8
Architecture : x86_64
Size : 106 k
Source : tree-1.7.0-15.el8.src.rpm
Repository : @System
From repo : baseos
Summary : File system tree viewer
URL : http://mama.indstate.edu/users/ice/tree/
License : GPLv2+
Description : The tree utility recursively displays the contents of directories in a
: tree-like format. Tree is basically a UNIX port of the DOS tree
: utility.
##查看指定的特性(可以是某文件)是由哪个程序包所提供：
yum provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2
[root@rocky8 ~]# yum provides bash-completion
Last metadata expiration check: 0:55:00 ago on Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST.
bash-completion-1:2.7-5.el8.noarch : Programmable completion for Bash
Repo : @System
Matched from:
Provide : bash-completion = 1:2.7-5.el8
bash-completion-1:2.7-5.el8.noarch : Programmable completion for Bash
Repo : baseos
Matched from:
Provide : bash-completion = 1:2.7-5.el8
[root@rocky8 ~]# yum provides httpd*
Last metadata expiration check: 0:55:52 ago on Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST.
httpd-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.x86_64 : Apache HTTP Server
Repo : appstream
Matched from:
Provide : httpd-mmn = 20120211x8664
Provide : httpd = 2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1
Provide : httpd(x86-64) = 2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1
Provide : httpd-mmn = 20120211
Provide : httpd-suexec = 2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1
...
[root@rocky8 ~]# yum provides /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf ##注意要写文件全路径才能查询到
Last metadata expiration check: 1:00:30 ago on Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST.
vsftpd-3.0.3-35.el8.x86_64 : Very Secure Ftp Daemon
Repo : @System
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
vsftpd-3.0.3-35.el8.x86_64 : Very Secure Ftp Daemon
Repo : appstream
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
[root@rocky8 ~]# yum list bash*
Last metadata expiration check: 1:02:55 ago on Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST.
Installed Packages
bash.x86_64 4.4.20-3.el8 @anaconda
bash-completion.noarch 1:2.7-5.el8 @baseos
Available Packages
bash-doc.x86_64 4.4.20-3.el8 baseos
bashmount.noarch 4.3.2-1.el8 epel
[root@rocky8 ~]# yum deplist httpd # 查看指定包所依赖的capabilities：
Last metadata expiration check: 1:05:16 ago on Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST.
package: httpd-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.x86_64
dependency: /bin/sh
provider: bash-4.4.20-3.el8.x86_64
dependency: /etc/mime.types
provider: mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch
dependency: httpd-filesystem
清除目录/var/cache/yum/缓存
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum 执行安装卸载命令会记录到相关日志中
日志 文件：
#CentOS 7以前版本日志
/var/log/yum.log
#CentOS 8 版本日志
/var/log/dnf.rpm.log
/var/log/dnf.log
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf history
ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16 | -y install yum-utils | 2022-07-11 23:21 | Install | 1
15 | install vsftpd | 2022-07-11 23:09 | Install | 1
14 | remove httpd | 2022-07-11 22:58 | Removed | 10
13 | install -y httpd | 2022-07-11 22:57 | Install | 10
12 | -y install cowsay | 2022-07-11 22:41 | Install | 42
11 | install sl | 2022-07-11 22:37 | Install | 1
10 | install -y autofs | 2022-07-11 19:22 | Install | 1
9 | remove autofs | 2022-07-11 19:20 | Removed | 1
8 | install -y autofs | 2022-07-10 11:12 | Install | 1
7 | install -y vim | 2022-07-10 10:26 | Install | 4
6 | install tree -y | 2022-07-10 08:44 | Install | 1
5 | install -y mlocate | 2022-07-10 08:34 | Install | 1
4 | -y install bash-completion | 2022-07-09 22:45 | Install | 5
3 | install -y lrzsz | 2022-07-09 22:44 | Install | 1
2 | install -y net-tools | 2022-07-09 07:55 | Install | 1
1 | | 2022-07-08 20:03 | Install | 372 EE
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf history info 16
Transaction ID : 16
Begin time : Mon 11 Jul 2022 11:21:45 PM CST
Begin rpmdb : 427:d7a709bac32e30eb9afd4bec81538f0620836f29
End time : Mon 11 Jul 2022 11:21:46 PM CST (1 seconds)
End rpmdb : 428:4e789839d1165fe1cb0c83d366548db0518d76b5
User : magedu <magedu>
Return-Code : Success
Releasever : 8
Command Line : -y install yum-utils
Comment :
Packages Altered:
Install yum-utils-4.0.21-11.el8.noarch @baseos
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf history undo 16 -y
Last metadata expiration check: 1:15:03 ago on Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
==========================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
==========================================================================================
Removing:
yum-utils noarch 4.0.21-11.el8 @baseos 23 k
Transaction Summary
==========================================================================================
Remove 1 Package
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf history redo 16 -y
Last metadata expiration check: 1:15:39 ago on Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
==========================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
==========================================================================================
Installing:
yum-utils noarch 4.0.21-11.el8 baseos 72 k
2.5、安装及升级本地程序包
[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf -y install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/date/httpd httpd
[root@rocky8 ~]# yum localinstall /date/httpd/*
Last metadata expiration check: 1:16:27 ago on Mon 11 Jul 2022 10:13:09 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
==========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==========================================================================================
Installing:
apr x86_64 1.6.3-12.el8 @commandline 128 k
apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8.1 @commandline 104 k
apr-util-bdb x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8.1 @commandline 23 k
apr-util-openssl x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8.1 @commandline 26 k
httpd x86_64 2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1 @commandline 1.4 M
httpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1 @commandline 40 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1 @commandline 107 k
2.6、实现私用 yum 仓库
下载所有yum仓库的相关包和meta 数据
dnf 工具集成
dnf reposync --help #查看帮助
#默认只下载rpm包，不下载 meta数据，需要指定--download-metadata 才能下载 meta
dnf reposync --repoid=REPOID --download-metadata -p /path
#CentOS 7 以前版本，reposync工具来自于yum-utils包
reposync --repoid=REPOID --download-metadata -p /path
创建私有yum仓库：createrepo [options]
1、安装httpd
[root@rocky8 html]# yum -y install httpd
2、挂着光盘
[root@rocky8 html]# yum -y install autofs
[root@rocky8 html]# systemctl enable --now autofs
[root@rocky8 html]# cd /misc/cd
[root@rocky8 cd]# ls
AppStream BaseOS EFI images isolinux LICENSE media.repo TRANS.TBL
3、把baseos里的rpm和repodata放到httpd目录里
[root@rocky8 ~]# cd /var/www/html/rocky8/
[root@rocky8 rocky8]# ln -s /misc/cd/AppStream .
[root@rocky8 rocky8]# ln -s /misc/cd/BaseOS/ .
[root@rocky8 rocky8]# ls
AppStream BaseOS
4、关闭防火墙，就可以访问搭建的私有仓库
5、客户端/etc/yum.repos.d/下把baseos源路径改为服务器地址即可
[root@rocky8-2 yum.repos.d]# vim base.repo
[root@rocky8-2 yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo
[base]
name=base
baseurl=http://10.0.0.151/rocky8/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rockyofficial
[root@rocky8-2 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
repo id repo name status
base base enabled
6、服务器搭建extras源和epel源
[root@rocky8 rocky8]# dnf reposync --repoid=epel --download-metadata -p /var/www/html/rocky8/ #--download-metadata 加此选项可以下载元数据
创建repodata目录
1、如有了rpm包，但是没有repodata目录，需要自行创建，先下载安装createrepo程序
[root@rocky8 rocky8]# cd /date/httpd/ #目录内已经下载好了rpm文件，但是没有repodata
[root@rocky8 httpd]# ls
apr-1.6.3-12.el8.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.1.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.1.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.1.x86_64.rpm
httpd-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.x86_64.rpm
httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.noarch.rpm
httpd-tools-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.x86_64.rpm
mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch.rpm
mod_http2-1.15.7-5.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.x86_64.rpm
rocky-logos-httpd-85.0-4.el8.noarch.rpm
[root@rocky8 httpd]# dnf -y install createrepo #安装createrepo程序
2、创建repodata目录
[root@rocky8 httpd]# createrepo .
Directory walk started
Directory walk done - 10 packages
Temporary output repo path: ./.repodata/
Preparing sqlite DBs
Pool started (with 5 workers)
Pool finished
[root@rocky8 httpd]# ls
apr-1.6.3-12.el8.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.1.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.1.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.1.x86_64.rpm
httpd-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.x86_64.rpm
httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.noarch.rpm
httpd-tools-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.x86_64.rpm
mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch.rpm
mod_http2-1.15.7-5.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.x86_64.rpm
repodata
rocky-logos-httpd-85.0-4.el8.noarch.rpm
[root@rocky8 httpd]# cd repodata
[root@rocky8 repodata]# ls
327c3589dae0a408d4895b7524cad5b2918a568931cb42cdefaeee049107c5a7-filelists.xml.gz
3af5599a691605ab0720930429f782ec22955bc134d38b9657a0a85b28ce4546-other.xml.gz
5d69614bb9326f54ec2a8da557fb89a4b256e5f38c2bed000fa907267d6a1e24-primary.sqlite.bz2
9d9d7ba430ce38c1417826e7fed9d442719bfa82c747a1f9724f21ef245b163d-primary.xml.gz
c092a18874e11900c68d2f3c07d4ad11f06bd019314272048e8692534f6cdc78-other.sqlite.bz2
d484252182f1a462414f8e78c9bb43fe5d2d0957db16dc2932047030ce35f5a8-filelists.sqlite.bz2
repomd.xml
3、把rpm文件移动到package目录内
[root@rocky8 httpd]# mkdir Packages
[root@rocky8 httpd]# ls
apr-1.6.3-12.el8.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.1.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.1.x86_64.rpm
apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.1.x86_64.rpm
httpd-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.x86_64.rpm
httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.noarch.rpm
httpd-tools-2.4.37-47.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.1.x86_64.rpm
mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch.rpm
mod_http2-1.15.7-5.module+el8.6.0+823+f143cee1.x86_64.rpm
Packages
repodata
rocky-logos-httpd-85.0-4.el8.noarch.rpm
[root@rocky8 httpd]# mv *.rpm Packages/
[root@rocky8 httpd]# ls
Packages repodata
2.7、DNF 介绍
DNF，即DaNdiFied，是新一代的RPM软件包管理器。DNF 发行日期是2015年5月11日，DNF 包管理器采用Python 编写，发行许可为GPL v2，首先出现在Fedora 18 发行版中。在 RHEL 8.0 版本正式取代了YUM，DNF包管理器克服了YUM包管理器的一些瓶颈，提升了包括用户体验，内存占用，依赖分析，运行速度等
配置文件：/etc/dnf/dnf.conf
dnf 用法与yum一致
CentOS 7 使用 dnf ，下载并安装如下包
wget http://springdale.math.ias.edu/data/puias/unsupported/7/x86_64/dnf-conf-
0.6.4-2.sdl7.noarch.rpm
wget http://springdale.math.ias.edu/data/puias/unsupported/7/x86_64/dnf-0.6.4-
2.sdl7.noarch.rpm
wget http://springdale.math.ias.edu/data/puias/unsupported/7/x86_64/python-dnf-
0.6.4-2.sdl7.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/python2-
libcomps-0.1.8-12.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/libcomps-0.1.8-
12.el7.x86_64.rpm
2.8、yum 和 dnf 失败最主要原因：
yum的配置文件格式或路径错误
解决方法：检查/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo文件格式
yum cache
解决方法：yum clean all
网络不通：
解决方法：网卡配置
