1. 微服务架构—SpringCloud
1.1 单体应用架构
1.2 微服务应用 70%
1.3 微服务架构的优势
1.4 微服务架构的缺点,即挑战
1.5 SpringCloud与微服务的关系
-
Springcloud为微服务思想提供了完美的解决方案
-
Springcloud是一些列框架的集合体(服务的注册与发现【注册中心】、服务间远程调用、服务降级、服务熔断、服务限流、分布式事务等)
-
springcloud就是一系列框架的集合,为了解决微服务的挑战。
springcloud有两个版本: springcloud netflix [停止更新] 和springcloud alibaba。
1.6 SpringCloud和SpringBoot的关系
- SpringBoot专注于快速方便的开发单个个体微服务。
- SpringCloud是关注全局的微服务协调、整理、治理的框架,它将SpringBoot开发的单体整合并管理起来。
- SpringBoot可以离开SpringCloud独立使用开发项目,但是SpringCloud离不开SpringBoot,属于依赖关系
2. 如何搭建微服务框架
- 案例,如图示
2.1 创建一个父工程并引入依赖
- 引入依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<modules>
<module>springcloud_common</module>
<module>springcloud_product</module>
<module>springcloud_order</module>
</modules>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.12.RELEASE</version>
<!--修改版本-->
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.zmq</groupId>
<artifactId>spring_cloud_parent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<!--只要是父工程打包方式都是pom,可以把src目录删除-->
<!--因为父工程不负责代码编写,只负责子工程的管理-->
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<name>spring_cloud_parent</name>
<description>spring_cloud_parent</description>
<!-- 定义版本号 -->
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<!-- springcloud的版本 -->
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR12</spring-cloud.version>
<!-- 阿里巴巴的版本 springboot springcloud springcloudalibaba 他们的版本必须对应
https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E
-->
<spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.8.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
</properties>
<!--
dependencyManagement: 只负责jar的管理不负责jar的下载。
-->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
相关依赖的版本有对应要求,在下面网址可以查看对应关系——SpringCloud、SpringCloud Alibaba、SpringBoot三者之间
2.2 创建一个公共模块
直接在父工程下创建模块即可
- 依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>3.5.4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
- 商品实体类
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@TableName("tbl_product")
public class Product {
@TableId(type= IdType.AUTO)
private Integer pid;
private String pname;
private BigDecimal price;
private Integer stock;
}
- 订单实体类
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@TableName("tbl_order")
public class Order {
@TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
private Integer id;
private String orderNo;
private Integer productId;
private BigDecimal price; //因为double存在精度丢失问题
private String pname;
private Integer num;
private Integer userid;
private Integer status;
//订单创建时间--Date存在线程安全问题--默认按照驼峰命名
private LocalDateTime createTime;
}
2.3 创建商品微服务
直接在父工程下创建模块即可
- 引入依赖
<dependencies>
<!--公共依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.ykq</groupId>
<artifactId>qy174-springcloud-common</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!--数据库的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--springboot-web依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
- 创建配置文件application.properties
# 商品微服务的端口8001~8009
server.port=8001
# 起服务名
spring.application.name=product
# 数据源
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springcloud-product?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
#mysql日志
mybatis-plus.configuration.log-impl=org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
#mybatis映射文件
mybatis-plus.mapper-locations=classpath*:mapper/*.xml
- 在
com.zmq
下创建主启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.ykq.product.mapper")
public class ProductApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProductApp.class,args);
}
}
- mapper接口
public interface ProductMapper extends BaseMapper<Product> {
}
- service接口
public interface ProductService {
//根据商品id搜索商品
public Product getById(Integer pid);
}
- service接口实现类
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
@Autowired
private ProductMapper productMapper;
@Override
public Product getById(Integer pid) {
Product product = productMapper.selectById(pid);
return product;
}
}
- controller持久类
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/product")
public class ProductController {
@Autowired
private ProductService productService;
@GetMapping("/getById/{pid}")
public Product getById(@PathVariable Integer pid) {
Product product = productService.getById(pid);
return product;
}
}
2.4 创建订单微服务
- 引入依赖
<dependencies>
<!--引入公共依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.zmq</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud_common</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!--数据库的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--springboot-web依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--引入糊涂工具,便于调用雪花算法创建唯一的订单编号-->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.8.16</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
- 创建application.properties配置文件
#端口号
server.port=9001
#服务名
spring.application.name=order
#数据源
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springcloud_order?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
#mysql日志
mybatis-plus.configuration.log-impl=org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
#mybatis映射文件
mybatis-plus.mapper-locations=classpath*:mapper/*.xml
- 在
com.zmq
包下创建启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.zmq.mapper")
public class OrderApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderApp.class,args);
}
}
- mapper接口
@Repository
public interface OrderMapper extends BaseMapper<Order> {
}
- service接口
public interface OrderService {
//添加订单
public Order createOrder(Order order);
}
- service接口实现类
@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Autowired
private OrderMapper orderMapper;
@Override
public Order createOrder(Order order) {
orderMapper.insert(order);
return order;
}
}
- controller控制类
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@PostMapping("/saveOrder")
public Order saveOrder(Integer pid, Integer num) {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderNo(IdUtil.getSnowflakeNextIdStr());//订单编号: 时间戳+随机数 雪花算法: 生成一个唯一的id
order.setNum(num);
order.setStatus(0);
order.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
order.setUserid(1);
order.setProductId(pid);
//根据商品id查询商品信息---远程调用商品微服务的接口。
// 基于Http协议调用。[1]可以自己封装HttpClient工具类【适合所有场景】 [2] spring框架提高了一个HttpClient的工具类【适合spring工程】RestTemplate。
//String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables
Product product = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8001/product/getById/" + pid, Product.class);
if(product==null||product.getStock()<num){
throw new RuntimeException("商品不存在或库存不足");
}
order.setPname(product.getPname());
order.setPrice(product.getPrice());
Order order1 = orderService.createOrder(order);
return order1;
}
}
- config配置类
@Configuration
public class RestConfig {
@Bean //把方法的返回对象交于spring容器管理
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}