文档课题：Windows 环境下MySQL主从复制.
系 统：Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Standard 64位
数据库：mysql 5.7.21
安装包：mysql-installer-community-5.7.21.0.msi
主从环境如下：
1、环境搭建
1.1、配置IP
安装两台MySQL数据库主机后，配置好两台主机IP地址，确保两台服务器可以互相ping通，注意防火墙状态.
1.2、配置Master
1.2.1、开启binlog
--检查mysql数据库binlog情况.
mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| log_bin | OFF |
| log_bin_basename | |
| log_bin_index | |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF |
| sql_log_bin | ON |
+---------------------------------+-------+
6 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%datadir%';
+---------------+---------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+---------------------------------------------+
| datadir | C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\Data\ |
+---------------+---------------------------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
--在Master主机上开启binlog日志，打开C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\目录下的配置文件my.ini，添加如下代码，开启binlog功能.
[mysqld]
log_bin="D:/MySQL/binlog/binglog"
expire_logs_days = 10
max_binlog_size = 100M
提示：
a、系统层面新建目录D:/MySQL/binlog/
b、expire_logs_days表示二进制日志文件删除的天数，max_binlog_size表示二进制日志文件最大大小.
--重启mysql服务后确认log_bin是否开启.
mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%';
+---------------------------------+------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------+
| log_bin | ON |
| log_bin_basename | D:\MySQL\binlog\binlog |
| log_bin_index | D:\MySQL\binlog\binlog.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF |
| sql_log_bin | ON |
+---------------------------------+------------------------------+
6 rows in set, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
说明：log_bin参数为on表示二进制日志文件已经成功开启.
1.2.2、配置账户
在master上配置复制所需要的账户，创建repl用户，%表示任何远程地址的repl用户都可以连接master主机，语句如下：
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'%' identified by 'repl';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
1.2.3、建测试库
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table books
-> (
-> bk_id int not null primary key,
-> bk_title varchar(50) not null,
-> copyright year not null
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into books values
-> (11078,'Learning MYSQL',2010),
-> (11033,'Study Html',2011),
-> (11035,'How to use php',2003),
-> (11072,'Teach yourself javascript',2005),
-> (11028,'Learning C++',2005),
-> (11069,'MYSQL professional',2009),
-> (11026,'Guide to MySQL 5.7',2008),
-> (11041,'Inside VC++',2011);
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 8 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from books;
+-------+---------------------------+-----------+
| bk_id | bk_title | copyright |
+-------+---------------------------+-----------+
| 11026 | Guide to MySQL 5.7 | 2008 |
| 11028 | Learning C++ | 2005 |
| 11033 | Study Html | 2011 |
| 11035 | How to use php | 2003 |
| 11041 | Inside VC++ | 2011 |
| 11069 | MYSQL professional | 2009 |
| 11072 | Teach yourself javascript | 2005 |
| 11078 | Learning MYSQL | 2010 |
+-------+---------------------------+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.2.4、修改配置文件
在my.ini配置文件中配置master主机的相关信息.
添加如下内容：
[mysqld]
log_bin="D:/MySQL/binlog/binlog"
expire_logs_days=10
max_binlog_size =100M
server-id=1
binlog-do-db=test
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
说明：
server-id 表示服务器标识id号，master和slave主机的server-id不能一样
binlog-do-db 表示需要复制的数据库，此处以test数据库为例
binlog-ignore-db 表示不需要复制的数据库
--修改完my.ini后，重启master主机的mysql服务，然后查询master主机信息.
mysql> show master status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: binlog.000005
Position: 154
Binlog_Do_DB: test
Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql
Executed_Gtid_Set:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意：此处File与Position在后面从库操作时需要.
1.2.5、备份test库
C:\Users\Administrator>mysqldump -u root -p -h localhost test > D:\test.txt
Enter password: ********
1.3、Slave配置
1.3.1、导入数据
将master主库备份出来test库数据传输到Slave主机后进行导入.
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> source D:/test.txt
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 8 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| books |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
说明：如上所示，数据成功导入Slave从库端.
1.3.2、修改配置文件
修改Slave主机配置文件my.ini.
添加如下：
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
log_bin="D:/MySQL/binlog/binlog"
expire_logs_days=10
max_binlog_size=100M
[mysqld]
server-id=2
说明：
a、需将server-id=2写到[mysqld]后面，另外如果配置文件中还有log_bin等相同参数的配置，需将其注释掉.
b、新建目录D:/MySQL/binlog/，然后重启Slave主机.
1.3.3、主从同步
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.133.136',
-> master_user='repl',
-> master_password='repl',
-> master_log_file='binlog.000005',
-> master_log_pos=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
注意：此处master_log_file与master_log_pos为此前Master主库所查得信息.
说明：
master_host 表示实现复制的主机ip地址
master_user 表示实现复制的登录远程主机的用户
master_password 表示实现复制的登录远程主机的密码
master_log_file 表示实现复制的binlog日志文件
master_log_pos 表示实现复制的binlog日志文件的偏移量
开启slave.
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.133.136
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000005
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: WIN-12HQ2SAA8ON-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 317
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000005
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 534
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: a1db5f5d-f722-11ed-84af-000c29a2bafe
Master_Info_File: C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\Data\master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2、主从复制测试
--Master端执行如下命令：
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| books |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table rep_test(
-> data integer
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| books |
| rep_test |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--Slave端检查.
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| books |
| rep_test |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from rep_test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
说明：如上所示，Slave端能查询出Master端的新增表rep_test.
--Master端新增数据测试.
mysql> insert into rep_test (data) values (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from rep_test;
+------+
| data |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
--Slave端查询
mysql> select * from rep_test;
+------+
| data |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
说明：如上所示，数据成功同步到Slave.
