12 Vim Tips-CFANZ编程社区

这个Vim提示的汇编是转发了一些中级到高级Vim提示。让我们回顾一下

1. 重复上一个Ex命令

在Vim中有3种命令行模式提示：

Ex命令提示符：:something

搜索提示：/something

表达式提示（从插入模式类型<C-r> =）：= 1 + 1 <cr>

假设我们从Ex命令提示符中运行一个spec：

:!rspec spec/models/code_spec.rb

@:

2. Sort properties in CSS

:sort

h4 {
  font-size: 11px;
  margin: 15px;
  background: red;
}

3. Select yanked and pasted text

gv . And, select last pasted text with gb . gb is a custom mapping that we add to vimrc file and I find it extremely useful when doing extract method refactoring, a cut-paste and then we need to fix indentation. With gb we easily select the pasted text and we fix the indentation with < or >.

" select last paste in visual mode
nnoremap <expr> gb '`[' . strpart(getregtype(), 0, 1) . '`]'

4. Paste text while in insert mode

<C-r>0. If yanked text contains new line characters, <C-r><C-p>0

5. Delete in insert mode

Insert mode, Vim Command Line mode or Shell Command Line

<C-h> " delete back one character (backspace)
<C-w> " delete back one word
<C-u> " delete back to start of line
<C-k> " delete forward to end of line

6. Run normal mode commands across a range

;

var element = $(this)
var tabName = element.data('tab')
var report = element.data('report')

:normal A; that will execute A; (append ;) for each line. Alternatively, we can run same on the whole content of the file with :%normal A;.

7. Repeat last change on multiple lines

; at the end of the line with A;. We can repeat that command by selecting the lines 2-3 and running the dotcommand over visual selection with :'<,'> normal .

8. Replace in multiple files

:args

:args app/assets/javascripts/ext*.js

:args

:argdo %s/From/To/g

Once changes have been made in the files, we can save all the files in arguments list with:

:argdo update

9. Search and replace in multiple files

vimgrep command to find a pattern in files. vimgrep command creates quicklist with files matching the pattern which list we can see by opening it with :copen command. If we want quicklist to be useful, we need to convert it to arguments list by using the :Qargsmapping which we have in our vimrc file:

command! -nargs=0 -bar Qargs execute 'args' QuickfixFilenames()

" populate the argument list with each of the files named in the quickfix list
function! QuickfixFilenames()
  let buffer_numbers = {}
  for quickfix_item in getqflist()
    let buffer_numbers[quickfix_item['bufnr']] = bufname(quickfix_item['bufnr'])
  endfor
  return join(map(values(buffer_numbers), 'fnameescape(v:val)'))
endfunction

Finally, here's an example of what needs to be run to do search & replace in files:

:vimgrep /CurrencyNumberHelper/ app/models/*.rb
:Qargs
:argdo %s/CurrencyNumberHelper/CurrencyHelper/g
:argdo update

Other option (pointed by buztard in the comments) is to use Ack-Grep to create the arguments:

:args `Ack-Grep -l CurrencyNumberHelper`
:argdo %s/CurrencyNumberHelper/CurrencyHelper/g
:argdo update

10. Edit already recorded macro

a . We can print the content of the macro in the current buffer using :put a and then edit the macro in Vim. Once macro is changed, we can select it and then yank it to register a with "ay . Then we are ready to execute the new macro from register a with @a

11. Execute macro in multiple files

We have already recorded a macro and we want to run it in few files. First we build arguments list with the files, for example let's load all models from a Rails app: