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MySQL恢复delete数据

雪域迷影 2024-11-06 阅读 8
mysql数据恢复MySQL数据库

文档课题：MySQL恢复delete数据.
1、方案背景
在使用MySQL数据库过程中，难免会因为某种原因导致数据被不小心delete，如果是Oracle数据库，可以运用闪回查询快速恢复数据.
而在MySQL数据库中如何对delete后的数据进行恢复呢？接下来就介绍运用Binlog2sql工具恢复数据.

2、方案展示
数据库：mysql 5.7.36
2.1、确认binlog情况
mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%';
+---------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Variable_name                   | Value                         |
+---------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| log_bin                         | ON                            |
| log_bin_basename                | /mysql/binlog/mysql-bin       |
| log_bin_index                   | /mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF                           |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events       | OFF                           |
| sql_log_bin                     | ON                            |
+---------------------------------+-------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.2、建测试数据
mysql> use fruitsDB;
mysql> create table employee (id int not null auto_increment primary key,
dept tinyint not null,
age tinyint not null,
name varchar(30),
create_time datetime not null,
last_login_time datetime
);

mysql> insert into employee values(1,1,25,'leo','2024-10-22 00:00:00','2024-10-22 12:00:00');
mysql> create index idx_dept on employee(dept);
mysql> create index idx_create_time on employee(create_time);
mysql> create index idx_last_login_time on employee(last_login_time);

2.3、delete数据
-- 模拟删除一条数据
mysql> delete from employee where id=1; 

2.4、确认BINLOG
[mysql@leo-mysql01 binlog]$ ls -ltr
total 1317088
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      1593 Dec 24  2023 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       154 Dec 24  2023 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       154 Dec 24  2023 mysql-bin.000003
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       154 Dec 24  2023 mysql-bin.000004
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       201 Dec 24  2023 mysql-bin.000005
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       177 Dec 24  2023 mysql-bin.000006
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      1183 Jan  5  2024 mysql-bin.000007
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 673966352 Jan  5  2024 mysql-bin.000008
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       177 Jan  5  2024 mysql-bin.000009
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       154 Mar 29  2024 mysql-bin.000010
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql    202016 Mar 29  2024 mysql-bin.000011
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 674432721 Mar 30  2024 mysql-bin.000012
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       154 Mar 31  2024 mysql-bin.000013
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       154 Apr 11  2024 mysql-bin.000014
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       154 Jun 13 23:43 mysql-bin.000015
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       154 Oct 18 22:27 mysql-bin.000016
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       154 Oct 22 14:06 mysql-bin.000017
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       154 Oct 22 22:15 mysql-bin.000018
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      5120 Oct 23 08:39 mysql-bin.000019
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      7225 Oct 23 16:00 mysql-bin.000020
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       201 Oct 23 18:07 mysql-bin.000021
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       682 Oct 23 18:07 mysql-bin.index
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      1513 Oct 23 18:16 mysql-bin.000022

-- 解析binlog确认SQL语句具体落在哪个binlog.
[mysql@leo-mysql01 binlog]$ mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v -v /mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.000022 | awk '/###/{if($0~/UPDATE|INSERT|DELETE/)count[$2" "$NF]++}END{for(i in count)print i,"\t",count[i]}'|column -t|sort -k3nr
DELETE  `fruitsDB`.`employee`  1
INSERT  `fruitsDB`.`employee`  1

说明：如上可知SQL语句落在mysql-bin.000022中.

[mysql@leo-mysql01 binlog]$ mysqlbinlog "/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.000022"  --start-datetime="2024-10-23 18:15:00" --stop-datetime="2024-10-23 18:19:00"  --base64-output=decode-rows -v  > operation.sql
[mysql@leo-mysql01 binlog]$ cat operation.sql
......(省略若干)
#241023 18:15:44 server id 1  end_log_pos 900 CRC32 0xbc60732e  Write_rows: table id 131 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `fruitsDB`.`employee`
### SET
###   @1=1
###   @2=1
###   @3=25
###   @4='leo'
###   @5='2024-10-22 00:00:00'
###   @6='2024-10-22 12:00:00'
# at 900
#241023 18:15:44 server id 1  end_log_pos 931 CRC32 0x65b722c6  Xid = 985
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 931
#241023 18:16:33 server id 1  end_log_pos 996 CRC32 0xaac5664e  Anonymous_GTID  last_committed=2        sequence_number=3       rbr_only=no
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 996
#241023 18:16:33 server id 1  end_log_pos 1113 CRC32 0x2b3c4f21         Query   thread_id=50    exec_time=0     error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1729678593/*!*/;
create index idx_dept on employee(dept)
/*!*/;
# at 1113
......(省略若干)
# at 1654
#241023 18:18:21 server id 1  end_log_pos 1714 CRC32 0xe242e87a         Table_map: `fruitsDB`.`employee` mapped to number 134
# at 1714
#241023 18:18:21 server id 1  end_log_pos 1775 CRC32 0xa43c8c54         Delete_rows: table id 134 flags: STMT_END_F
### DELETE FROM `fruitsDB`.`employee`
### WHERE
###   @1=1
###   @2=1
###   @3=25
###   @4='leo'
###   @5='2024-10-22 00:00:00'
###   @6='2024-10-22 12:00:00'
# at 1775
#241023 18:18:21 server id 1  end_log_pos 1806 CRC32 0x90984aea         Xid = 992
COMMIT/*!*/;
......(省略若干)

2.5、安装依赖包
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# cat <<EOF>>/etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[local]
name=local
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
EOF
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# yum makecache
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc libffi-devel
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# rpm -q zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc libffi-devel | grep "not installed"

2.6、安装Binlog2sql工具
sftp> lcd F:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\b2sql
sftp> pwd
/root
sftp> put mysql-replication-0.21.tar.gz 
sftp> put binlog2sql-master.zip 
sftp> put PyMySQL-0.9.3.tar.gz 
sftp> put Python-3.8.2.tar.xz
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# ls -ltr
total 17616
-rw-------. 1 root root     2241 Dec 24  2023 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root        0 Dec 24  2023 initial-setup-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root        6 Dec 24  2023 Temployeelates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root        6 Dec 24  2023 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root        6 Dec 24  2023 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root        6 Dec 24  2023 Videos
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root        6 Dec 24  2023 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root        6 Dec 24  2023 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root        6 Dec 24  2023 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root        6 Dec 24  2023 Documents
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    38080 Oct 23 15:52 mysql-replication-0.21.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    31549 Oct 23 15:52 binlog2sql-master.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    86715 Oct 23 15:52 PyMySQL-0.9.3.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17869888 Oct 23 15:55 Python-3.8.2.tar.xz

[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# tar -xvf Python-3.8.2.tar.xz && cd Python-3.8.2
[root@leo-mysql01 Python-3.8.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr --with-ensurepip --with-system-ffi
[root@leo-mysql01 Python-3.8.2]# make && make install
[root@leo-mysql01 Python-3.8.2]# python3 --version
Python 3.8.2
[root@leo-mysql01 Python-3.8.2]# pip3 --version
pip 19.2.3 from /usr/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)

2.7、安装PyMySQL/mysql-replication 
[root@leo-mysql01 Python-3.8.2]# cd ..
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p ~/.pip
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# vim ~/.pip/pip.conf
添加以下内容：
[global]
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
[install]
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com

[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# pip3 install --upgrade pip
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# pip3 install PyMySQL-0.9.3.tar.gz
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# pip3 install mysql-replication-0.21.tar.gz
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# pip3 list
Package           Version
----------------- -------
mysql-replication 0.21
pip               24.2
PyMySQL           0.9.3
setuptools        41.2.0

2.8、解压缩Binlog2sql
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# unzip binlog2sql-master.zip
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# mv binlog2sql-master/binlog2sql/ ./
[root@leo-mysql01 ~]# cd binlog2sql

2.9、生成insert语句
-- 将格式为ROW的binlog生成标准SQL
[root@leo-mysql01 binlog2sql]# cp /mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.000022 /root/binlog2sql 
[root@leo-mysql01 binlog2sql]# python3 binlog2sql.py -uroot -pmysql_4U -dfruitsDB -t employee --start-file='mysql-bin.000022' --start-datetime='2024-10-23 18:15:00' --only-dml | cut -d '#' -f1 > insert.sql
[root@leo-mysql01 binlog2sql]# cat insert.sql
INSERT INTO `fruitsDB`.`employee`(`id`, `dept`, `age`, `name`, `create_time`, `last_login_time`) VALUES (1, 1, 25, 'leo', '2024-10-22 00:00:00', '2024-10-22 12:00:00'); 
DELETE FROM `fruitsDB`.`employee` WHERE `id`=1 AND `dept`=1 AND `age`=25 AND `name`='leo' AND `create_time`='2024-10-22 00:00:00' AND `last_login_time`='2024-10-22 12:00:00' LIMIT 1; 

2.10、执行恢复
-- 执行insert语句即可.
mysql> INSERT INTO `fruitsDB`.`employee` (`id`,`dept`,`age`,`name`,`create_time`,`last_login_time`) VALUES (1,1,25,'leo','2024-10-22 00:00:00','2024-10-22 12:00:00');
mysql> select * from employee;

3、方案总结
方案中展示了Binlog2sql回滚DML语句，但对于DDL语句却无法进行回滚，所以truncate和drop误删的数据需要使用其它方法恢复.

参考网址：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/o4rr1hkA9vUdMPZazmuvOQ

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