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6-Ngnix配置反向代理

凛冬已至夏日未远 2023-10-16 阅读 39
服务器运维nginxnginx反向代理反向代理HarmonyOS后端开发


1.前提

虚拟机能连接外网

仿真http应用需在本虚拟机启用(原因：只有一台虚拟机做测试)

http_8080和http_8081要启用（http测试应用）

[root@cent79-2 ~]# ls -l http_*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6391676 Jul 19 13:39 http_8080
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6391676 Jul 19 13:39 http_8081
[root@cent79-2 ~]# ./http_8080 &
[1] 1490
[root@cent79-2 ~]# ./http_8081 &
[2] 1496
[root@cent79-2 ~]# netstat -antulp |grep 8080
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      1490/./http_8080    
[root@cent79-2 ~]# netstat -antulp |grep 8081
tcp6       0      0 :::8081                 :::*                    LISTEN      1496/./http_8081    
[root@cent79-2 ~]# curl 192.168.10.156:8080
{"text":"I am one!"}
[root@cent79-2 ~]# curl 192.168.10.156:8081
{"text":"I am two!"}
[root@cent79-2 ~]#

2.Ngnix配置反向代理

2.1.Nginx配置单个反向代理

1>.编辑nginx配置文件nginx.conf，添加反向代理配置

user  nginx  nginx;
worker_processes  2;

worker_rlimit_nofile 1024;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections  1024;
    multi_accept  on;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    autoindex    on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
    listen  80;
    server_name 192.168.10.156;
    location / {
      proxy_pass http://www.baidu.com;
    }
    }
}

2>.nginx语法验证

命令：

nginx -t

[root@cent79-2 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@cent79-2 ~]#

3>.重启nginx

命令：

systemctl restart nginx

systemctl status nginx

[root@cent79-2 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@cent79-2 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-07-20 20:16:16 CST; 3s ago
     Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
  Process: 2504 ExecStop=/bin/sh -c /bin/kill -s TERM $(/bin/cat /var/run/nginx.pid) (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2509 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2510 (nginx)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─2510 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
           ├─2511 nginx: worker process
           └─2512 nginx: worker process

Jul 20 20:16:15 cent79-2 systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web server...
Jul 20 20:16:16 cent79-2 systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web server.
[root@cent79-2 ~]#

4>.反向代理验证

地址：

http://192.168.10.156

6-Ngnix配置反向代理_nginx

转向为：

6-Ngnix配置反向代理_nginx_02

2.2.Nginx配置反向代理集群

1>.编辑nginx配置文件nginx.conf，添加反向代理配置

user  nginx  nginx;
worker_processes  2;

worker_rlimit_nofile 1024;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections  1024;
    multi_accept  on;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    autoindex    on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
  
    upstream www.ztj.com {
      server 192.168.10.156:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=15s;
      server 192.168.10.156:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=15s;
    }

    server {
    listen  80;
    server_name 192.168.10.156;

    location / {
     proxy_pass http://www.ztj.com;
    }
    }
}

2>.nginx语法验证

命令：

nginx -t

[root@cent79-2 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@cent79-2 ~]#

3>.重启nginx

命令：

systemctl restart nginx

systemctl status nginx

[root@cent79-2 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@cent79-2 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-07-20 20:32:50 CST; 4s ago
     Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
  Process: 2673 ExecStop=/bin/sh -c /bin/kill -s TERM $(/bin/cat /var/run/nginx.pid) (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2678 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2679 (nginx)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─2679 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
           ├─2680 nginx: worker process
           └─2681 nginx: worker process

Jul 20 20:32:50 cent79-2 systemd[1]: Stopped nginx - high performance web server.
Jul 20 20:32:50 cent79-2 systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web server...
Jul 20 20:32:50 cent79-2 systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web server.
[root@cent79-2 ~]#

4>.反向代理集群验证

命令：curl 192.168.10.156

[root@cent79-2 ~]# curl 192.168.10.156
{"text":"I am one!"}
[root@cent79-2 ~]# curl 192.168.10.156
{"text":"I am two!"}
[root@cent79-2 ~]#

2.3.Nginx配置基于context的反向代理(重点)

1>.编辑nginx配置文件nginx.conf，添加反向代理配置

user  nginx  nginx;
worker_processes  2;

worker_rlimit_nofile 1024;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections  1024;
    multi_accept  on;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    autoindex    on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
  
    server {
    listen  80;
    server_name 192.168.10.156;

    location / {
     proxy_pass http://www.baidu.com;
    }

    location /root {
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        location /root/api {
         proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081;
        }
      }
    }
}

2>.nginx语法验证

命令：

nginx -t

[root@cent79-2 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@cent79-2 ~]#

3>.重启nginx

命令：

systemctl restart nginx

systemctl status nginx

[root@cent79-2 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@cent79-2 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-07-20 20:39:33 CST; 2s ago
     Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
  Process: 2713 ExecStop=/bin/sh -c /bin/kill -s TERM $(/bin/cat /var/run/nginx.pid) (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2718 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2719 (nginx)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─2719 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
           ├─2720 nginx: worker process
           └─2721 nginx: worker process

Jul 20 20:39:33 cent79-2 systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web server...
Jul 20 20:39:33 cent79-2 systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web server.
[root@cent79-2 ~]#

4>.反向代理context验证

http://192..168.10.156

6-Ngnix配置反向代理_服务器_03

http://192..168.10.156/root

6-Ngnix配置反向代理_运维_04

http://192..168.10.156/root/api 

6-Ngnix配置反向代理_运维_05

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