目录
贪吃蛇实现的技术前提:
c语言函数、枚举、结构体、动态内存管理、预处理指令、链表、Win32 API等。
Win32 API介绍
Win32 API(Windows API)是指微软公司为Windows操作系统提供的应用程序编程接口(Application Programming Interface)。它是一组函数、数据结构、常量和其他定义,用于开发Windows平台上的应用程序。
Win32 API提供了许多功能,涵盖了操作系统的各个方面,包括图形界面、输入输出、文件系统、网络通信、多线程、安全性等。开发者可以使用这些API来创建各种类型的应用程序,包括桌面应用程序、游戏、驱动程序、系统工具等。
Win32 API基于C语言编写,提供了一种与操作系统交互的标准接口。开发者可以通过调用API函数来访问操作系统的功能和资源,实现各种操作,例如创建窗口、绘制图形、处理用户输入、读写文件、访问网络等。
使用Win32 API进行开发需要一定的编程知识和理解操作系统的工作原理。开发者需要了解API函数的参数、返回值和使用方法,以及如何处理错误和异常情况。此外,开发者还可以利用各种开发工具和框架,简化Win32 API的使用过程,提高开发效率。
总之,Win32 API是Windows平台上开发应用程序的基础,通过使用这些API,开发者可以充分利用操作系统的功能,创建出各种强大、高效的应用程序。
宽字符的打印
#include <stdio.h>
#include<locale.h>
int main() {
setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
wchar_t ch1 = L'●';
wchar_t ch2 = L'中';
wchar_t ch3 = L'国';
wchar_t ch4 = L'★';
printf("%c%c\n", 'a', 'b');
wprintf(L"%c\n", ch1);
wprintf(L"%c\n", ch2);
wprintf(L"%c\n", ch3);
wprintf(L"%c\n", ch4);
return 0;
}
贪吃蛇的主要功能
游戏的初始化和适应本地环境
void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
//设置控制台的信息
system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
system("title 贪吃蛇");
//隐藏光标
HANDLE handle=GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
//获取控制台光标信息
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
GetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);
CursorInfo.bVisible = false;
SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);
//欢迎界面
WelcomeToGame();
//绘制地图
CreateMap();
//初始化蛇
InitSnake(ps);
//创建食物
CreateFood(ps);
}
//设置光标的坐标
void SetPos(int x, int y)
{
//获得设备句柄
HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
//根据句柄设置光标的位置
COORD pos = { x, y };
SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, pos);
}
void test()
{
int ch = 0;
do
{
//创建贪吃蛇
Snake snake = { 0 };
GameStart(&snake);
GameRun(&snake);
GameEnd(&snake);
SetPos(20, 15);
printf("再来一局吗?(Y/N)");
ch=getchar();
getchar();
} while (ch=='Y'||ch=='y');
}
int main()
{
//修改适配本地中文环境
setlocale(LC_ALL,"");
test();
SetPos(0,27);
return 0;
}
打印欢迎界面
void WelcomeToGame()
{
SetPos(38, 15);
printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏\n");
SetPos(39, 23);
system("pause");
system("cls");
SetPos(23, 10);
printf("用↑. ↓. ←. →来控制蛇的移动,F3是加速,F4是减速\n");
SetPos(23, 11);
printf("加速能得到更高的分数");
SetPos(39, 23);
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
打印墙
void CreateMap()
{
//上
SetPos(0, 0);
for (int i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
{
wprintf(L"%lc",L'□');
}
//下
SetPos(0, 26);
for (int i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
{
wprintf(L"%lc", L'□');
}
//左
for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i ++)
{
SetPos(0, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", L'□');
}
//右
for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
{
SetPos(56, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", L'□');
}
}
创建蛇身
void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{
//创建5个蛇身的节点
pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (cur == NULL)
{
perror("InitSnake():malloc()");
return;
}
cur->x = POS_X + 2 * i;
cur->y = POS_Y;
cur->next = NULL;
if (ps->pSnake == NULL)
{
ps->pSnake = cur;
}
else
{
cur->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = cur;
}
}
//打印蛇身
cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
cur = cur->next;
}
//贪吃蛇的其他信息初始化
ps->dir = RIGHT;
ps->foodweight = 10;
ps->pFood = NULL;
ps->Score = 0;
ps->SleepTime = 200;
ps->status = OK;
}
创建打印食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
again:
do
{
x = rand() % 53 + 2;
y = rand() % 24 + 1;
} while (x % 2 != 0);
//坐标和蛇的身体的每个节点的坐标比较
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y)
{
goto again;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
//创建食物
pSnakeNode pFood=(pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pFood == NULL)
{
perror("CreateFood()::mallloc()");
return;
}
pFood->x = x;
pFood->y = y;
ps->pFood = pFood;
SetPos(x, y);
wprintf(L"%lc", L'¥');
}
控制移动
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode pNext=malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pNext == NULL)
{
perror("SnakeMove()::malloc()");
return;
}
pNext->next = NULL;
switch (ps->dir)
{
case UP:
pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y - 1;
break;
case DOWN:
pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y + 1;
break;
case LEFT:
pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x - 2;
pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
break;
case RIGHT:
pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x + 2;
pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
break;
}
//下一个坐标是否是食物
if (NextIsFood(ps, pNext))
{
//是食物就吃掉
EatFood(ps,pNext);
}
else
{
//不是食物就正常走一步
NotEatFood(ps, pNext);
}
//检测撞墙
KillByWall(ps);
//检测撞到自己
KillBySelf(ps);
}
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
//打印帮助信息
PrintHelpInfo();
//检测按键
do
{
//当前的分数情况
SetPos(65, 12);
printf("总分:%5d\n", ps->Score);
SetPos(65, 13);
printf("食物的分数:%02d\n", ps->foodweight);
//检测按键
//上下左右,ESC,空格,F3,F4
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->dir != DOWN)
{
ps->dir = UP;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->dir != UP)
{
ps->dir = DOWN;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->dir != RIGHT)
{
ps->dir = LEFT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->dir != LEFT)
{
ps->dir = RIGHT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
{
ps->status = ESC;
break;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
//游戏暂停
pause();
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3))
{
if (ps->SleepTime >= 80)
{
ps->SleepTime -= 30;
ps->foodweight += 2;
}
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4))
{
if (ps->SleepTime <= 200)
{
ps->SleepTime += 30;
ps->foodweight -= 2;
}
}
//走一下
SnakeMove(ps);
//睡眠一下
Sleep(ps->SleepTime);
} while(ps->status==OK);
}
吃到食物
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
pNext->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = pNext;
//打印蛇
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
cur = cur->next;
}
ps->Score += ps->foodweight;
//释放旧的食物
free(ps->pFood);
//新建食物
CreateFood(ps);
}
没吃到食物
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
pNext->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = pNext;
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur->next->next )
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
cur = cur->next;
}
//将尾节点的位置打印成空白字符
SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
printf(" ");
free(cur->next);
cur->next = NULL;
}
撞墙
//检测撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
if (ps->pSnake->x == 0 || ps->pSnake->x == 56||ps->pSnake->y==0||ps->pSnake->y==26)
{
ps->status = KILL_BY_WALL;
}
}
撞到蛇身
//检测撞到自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake->next;
while (cur)
{
if (cur->x == ps->pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->pSnake->y)
{
ps->status = KILL_BY_SELF;
return;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
}
结束界面
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
SetPos(20, 15);
switch (ps->status)
{
case ESC:
printf("主动退出游戏,正常退出\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_WALL:
printf("很遗憾,撞墙了,游戏结束\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_SELF:
printf("很遗憾,撞到自己了,游戏结束\n");
break;
}
//释放资源
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
pSnakeNode del = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
del = cur;
cur = cur->next;
free(del);
}
free(ps->pFood);
ps->pSnake = NULL;
}
完整的代码
snake.h
#pragma once
#include<locale.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
//蛇默认的起始坐标
#define POS_X 24
#define POS_Y 5
#define KEY_PRESS(VK) ( (GetAsyncKeyState(VK) & 0x1) ? 1 : 0 )
enum GAME_STAYUS
{
OK=1,
ESC,
KILL_BY_WALL,
KILL_BY_SELF
};
enum DIRECTION
{
UP=1,
DOWN,
LEFT,
RIGHT
};
//蛇身节点的定义
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
int x;
int y;
struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode,* pSnakeNode;
//整个蛇
typedef struct Snake
{
//维护这条蛇的指针
pSnakeNode pSnake;
//指向食物的指针
pSnakeNode pFood;
int Score;//累计分数
int foodweight;//一个食物的分数
int SleepTime;//休眠的时间,休眠的时间越短,蛇的速度越快
enum GAME_STATUS status;//游戏当前的状态
enum DIRECTION dir;//蛇当前走的方向
}Snake,*pSnake;
//定位控制台的光标位置
void SetPos(int x, int y);
//游戏开始前的准备
void GameStart(pSnake ps);
//打印欢迎界面
void WelcomeToGame();
//绘制地图
void CreateMap();
//初始化贪吃蛇
void InitSnake(pSnake ps);
//创建食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps);
//游戏运行的整个逻辑
void GameRun(pSnake ps);
//打印帮助信息
void PrintHelpInfo();
//蛇移动的函数—每次走一步
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps);
//判断蛇头的下一步要走的位置处是否是食物
int NextIsFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext);
//下一步要走的位置是食物
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext);
//下一步要走的位置不是食物
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext);
//检测撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps);
//检测撞到自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps);
//游戏结束的资源释放
void GameEnd(pSnake ps);
snake.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"snake.h"
//设置光标的坐标
void SetPos(int x, int y)
{
//获得设备句柄
HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
//根据句柄设置光标的位置
COORD pos = { x, y };
SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, pos);
}
void WelcomeToGame()
{
SetPos(38, 15);
printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏\n");
SetPos(39, 23);
system("pause");
system("cls");
SetPos(23, 10);
printf("用↑. ↓. ←. →来控制蛇的移动,F3是加速,F4是减速\n");
SetPos(23, 11);
printf("加速能得到更高的分数");
SetPos(39, 23);
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void CreateMap()
{
//上
SetPos(0, 0);
for (int i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
{
wprintf(L"%lc",L'□');
}
//下
SetPos(0, 26);
for (int i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
{
wprintf(L"%lc", L'□');
}
//左
for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i ++)
{
SetPos(0, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", L'□');
}
//右
for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
{
SetPos(56, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", L'□');
}
}
void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{
//创建5个蛇身的节点
pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (cur == NULL)
{
perror("InitSnake():malloc()");
return;
}
cur->x = POS_X + 2 * i;
cur->y = POS_Y;
cur->next = NULL;
if (ps->pSnake == NULL)
{
ps->pSnake = cur;
}
else
{
cur->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = cur;
}
}
//打印蛇身
cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
cur = cur->next;
}
//贪吃蛇的其他信息初始化
ps->dir = RIGHT;
ps->foodweight = 10;
ps->pFood = NULL;
ps->Score = 0;
ps->SleepTime = 200;
ps->status = OK;
}
void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
again:
do
{
x = rand() % 53 + 2;
y = rand() % 24 + 1;
} while (x % 2 != 0);
//坐标和蛇的身体的每个节点的坐标比较
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y)
{
goto again;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
//创建食物
pSnakeNode pFood=(pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pFood == NULL)
{
perror("CreateFood()::mallloc()");
return;
}
pFood->x = x;
pFood->y = y;
ps->pFood = pFood;
SetPos(x, y);
wprintf(L"%lc", L'¥');
}
void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
//设置控制台的信息
system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
system("title 贪吃蛇");
//隐藏光标
HANDLE handle=GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
//获取控制台光标信息
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
GetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);
CursorInfo.bVisible = false;
SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);
//欢迎界面
WelcomeToGame();
//绘制地图
CreateMap();
//初始化蛇
InitSnake(ps);
//创建食物
CreateFood(ps);
}
void PrintHelpInfo()
{
SetPos(65, 15);
printf("不能穿墙,不能咬到自己");
SetPos(65, 16);
printf("用↑. ↓. ←. →来控制蛇的移动");
SetPos(65, 17);
printf("F3是加速,F4是减速");
SetPos(65, 20);
printf("版权@lanll");
}
void pause()
{
while (1)
{
Sleep(100);
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
break;
}
}
}
int NextIsFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
if (ps->pFood->x == pNext->x && ps->pFood->y == pNext->y)
return 1;//下一个坐标初是食物
else
return 0;
}
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
pNext->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = pNext;
//打印蛇
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
cur = cur->next;
}
ps->Score += ps->foodweight;
//释放旧的食物
free(ps->pFood);
//新建食物
CreateFood(ps);
}
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
pNext->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = pNext;
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur->next->next )
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
cur = cur->next;
}
//将尾节点的位置打印成空白字符
SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
printf(" ");
free(cur->next);
cur->next = NULL;
}
//检测撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
if (ps->pSnake->x == 0 || ps->pSnake->x == 56||ps->pSnake->y==0||ps->pSnake->y==26)
{
ps->status = KILL_BY_WALL;
}
}
//检测撞到自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake->next;
while (cur)
{
if (cur->x == ps->pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->pSnake->y)
{
ps->status = KILL_BY_SELF;
return;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
}
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode pNext=malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pNext == NULL)
{
perror("SnakeMove()::malloc()");
return;
}
pNext->next = NULL;
switch (ps->dir)
{
case UP:
pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y - 1;
break;
case DOWN:
pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y + 1;
break;
case LEFT:
pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x - 2;
pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
break;
case RIGHT:
pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x + 2;
pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
break;
}
//下一个坐标是否是食物
if (NextIsFood(ps, pNext))
{
//是食物就吃掉
EatFood(ps,pNext);
}
else
{
//不是食物就正常走一步
NotEatFood(ps, pNext);
}
//检测撞墙
KillByWall(ps);
//检测撞到自己
KillBySelf(ps);
}
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
//打印帮助信息
PrintHelpInfo();
//检测按键
do
{
//当前的分数情况
SetPos(65, 12);
printf("总分:%5d\n", ps->Score);
SetPos(65, 13);
printf("食物的分数:%02d\n", ps->foodweight);
//检测按键
//上下左右,ESC,空格,F3,F4
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->dir != DOWN)
{
ps->dir = UP;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->dir != UP)
{
ps->dir = DOWN;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->dir != RIGHT)
{
ps->dir = LEFT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->dir != LEFT)
{
ps->dir = RIGHT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
{
ps->status = ESC;
break;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
//游戏暂停
pause();
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3))
{
if (ps->SleepTime >= 80)
{
ps->SleepTime -= 30;
ps->foodweight += 2;
}
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4))
{
if (ps->SleepTime <= 200)
{
ps->SleepTime += 30;
ps->foodweight -= 2;
}
}
//走一下
SnakeMove(ps);
//睡眠一下
Sleep(ps->SleepTime);
} while(ps->status==OK);
}
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
SetPos(20, 15);
switch (ps->status)
{
case ESC:
printf("主动退出游戏,正常退出\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_WALL:
printf("很遗憾,撞墙了,游戏结束\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_SELF:
printf("很遗憾,撞到自己了,游戏结束\n");
break;
}
//释放资源
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
pSnakeNode del = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
del = cur;
cur = cur->next;
free(del);
}
free(ps->pFood);
ps->pSnake = NULL;
}
test.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"snake.h"
void test()
{
int ch = 0;
do
{
//创建贪吃蛇
Snake snake = { 0 };
GameStart(&snake);
GameRun(&snake);
GameEnd(&snake);
SetPos(20, 15);
printf("再来一局吗?(Y/N)");
ch=getchar();
getchar();
} while (ch=='Y'||ch=='y');
}
int main()
{
//修改适配本地中文环境
setlocale(LC_ALL,"");
test();
SetPos(0,27);
return 0;
}
效果展示: