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keepalived与nginx与MySQL

pipu 2023-11-05 阅读 62
nginx运维keepalivedmysql

keepalived  VRRP介绍

Nginx+keepalived实现七层负载均衡

Nginx通过Upstream模块实现负载均衡

upstream支持的负载均衡算法

配置安装nginx 所有的机器，关闭防火墙和selinux

[root@proxy-master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld         //关闭防火墙
[root@proxy-master ~]# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux        //关闭selinux，重启生效
[root@proxy-master ~]# setenforce 0        　　　　　　　　//关闭selinux，临时生效

安装nginx， 全部4台

[root@proxy-master ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@proxy-master yum.repos.d]# vim nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@proxy-master yum.repos.d]# yum install yum-utils -y
[root@proxy-master yum.repos.d]# yum install nginx -y

# 两台配置完全一样

[root@proxy-master ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    upstream backend {
    server 172.16.147.154:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=20s;
    server 172.16.147.153:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=20s;
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
        proxy_set_header Host $host:$proxy_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
        }
    }
}

keepalived实现调度器HA

注：主/备调度器均能够实现正常调度

1. 主/备调度器安装软件
[root@proxy-master ~]# yum install -y keepalived
[root@proxy-slave ~]# yum install -y keepalived
[root@proxy-master ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak
[root@proxy-master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id directory1   #辅助改为directory2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER        #定义主还是备
    interface ens33     #VIP绑定接口
    virtual_router_id 80  #整个集群的调度器一致
    priority 100         #back改为50
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.147.100/24   # vip
    }
}

[root@proxy-slave ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak
[root@proxy-slave ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id directory2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP    #设置为backup
    interface ens33
    nopreempt        #设置到back上面，不抢占资源
    virtual_router_id 80
    priority 50   #辅助改为50
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.147.100/24
    }
}

 启动KeepAlived（主备均启动）

[root@proxy-master ~]# systemctl enable keepalived
[root@proxy-slave ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@proxy-master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 172.16.147.100/32 scope global lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:ec:8a:fe brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.147.155/24 brd 172.16.147.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33
       valid_lft 1115sec preferred_lft 1115sec
    inet 172.16.147.101/24 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

扩展对调度器Nginx健康检查（可选）两台都设置

(1) script
[root@proxy-master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/check_nginx_status.sh
#!/bin/bash												        
/usr/bin/curl -I http://localhost &>/dev/null	
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then										    
#	/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
	systemctl stop keepalived
fi															        	
[root@proxy-master ~]# chmod a+x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx_status.sh
(2). keepalived使用script
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id director1
}
vrrp_script check_nginx {
   script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx_status.sh"
   interval 5
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 80
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.246.16/24
    }
    track_script {
        check_nginx
    }
}

MySQL+Keepalived

俩台机器都做相同的操作：

安装MySQL

# yum -y install mysql-server  mysql

启动myslqd
# systemctl start mysqld

查看密码，修改密码
grep password  /var/log/mysqld.log

修改密码
mysqladmin -uroot  -p'旧密码' password '新密码'

登录MySQL
mysql -p'password'


创建远程登录这俩台mysql的用户

grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'Qianfeng@123!';

为了体现实验结果

在IP1的数据库上创建数据库db1，IP2不创建数据库。

IP1

创建新数据库：
create database db1;

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

安装keepalived

俩台机器安装keepalived

[root@mysql-keepalived-master ~]# yum -y install keepalived
[root@mysql-keepalived-slave ~]# yum -y install keepalived

修改配置文件

192.168.231.185的配置文件
# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 


! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id master
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER      #定义主还是备
    interface ens33   #VIP绑定接口
    virtual_router_id 89   #整个集群的调度器一致
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.231.66/24   #定义的虚拟ip  VIP
    }
}
192.168.231.187配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id backup
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP   #设置成backup
    nopreempt   #设置到back上面，不抢占资源
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 89
    priority 50
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.231.66/24   #虚拟VIP
    }
}

主备同时启动keepalived

[root@proxy-master ~]# systemctl enable keepalived
[root@proxy-slave ~]# systemctl start keepalived

查看IP

[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b5:2b:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.231.185/24 brd 192.168.231.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33
       valid_lft 1348sec preferred_lft 1348sec
    inet 192.168.231.66/24 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

远程登录MySQL

在第三台拥有MySQL的服务器上进行远程登录MySQL

mysql -uroot -p'Qianfeng@123!' -h192.168.231.66 -P3306

-p密码是之前在俩台服务器创建的用户
-h的IP是虚拟vip
-p是MySQL的端口3306

当IP1，keepalived开启，MySQL开启时，此时VIP在IP1上  查询到的是MySQL1

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

当IP1，keepalived关闭，IP1的MySQL开启时，此时VIP在IP2上  查询到的是MySQL2

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    18
Current database: *** NONE ***

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)



###连接到IP1的数据库切换到IP2的数据库上

当IP1，keepalived关闭，IP1的MySQL开启时，此时VIP在IP2上，接着将IP1的keepalived开启，那么此时vip会跑到IP1上，  查询到的是 MySQL1

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    4
Current database: *** NONE ***

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

当IP1的keepalived开启，IP1的MySQL开启，此时关闭IP1的MySQL，那么VIP还是在IP1上，那么此时查询到的数据库是 ： 无法连接

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.231.66' (111)
ERROR: 
Can't connect to the server

此时将IP1的keepalived也停掉，那么VIP会飘逸到IP2上，此时查询到的数据库是 MySQL2

mysql> show databases;
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    19
Current database: *** NONE ***

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

因此也就是说

在企业生产环境中，我们不可能一直在观察MySQL与keepalived的状态，那么我们需要使用脚本，但是脚本多久执行一次 回花费大量精力，这时候我们可以将脚本放至keepalived的配置文件中。只要检查到服务器的MySQL关闭，那么就会停止该服务器的keepalived。让其他服务器工作，从而保证了高可用

脚本：

vim keepalived_check_mysql.sh 


#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p'QianFeng@2019!' -e "show status" &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ] ;then
#       service keepalived stop
        systemctl stop keepalived
fi
~

在keepalived的配置文件中引用

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id master
}
vrrp_script check_run {      ####定义脚本
   script "/etc/keepalived/keepalived_chech_mysql.sh"
   interval 5
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 89
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.231.66/24
    }
    track_script {       ####引用脚本
   }
}

实验过程遇到的错误：

举报

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