1、audioclip
把音频文件导入到unity以后，音频文件就会变成一个audioclip。
点击，可以看到属性
load type：小文件选择Decompress On Load，大的文件选Compressed In Memory
Compression Format：PCM不压缩，一般选ADPCM，背景音乐，对话啥的选Vorbis/MP3
Sample Rate Setting：一般选Optimize Sample Rate，优化采样率
上面的是根据官方文档得出的结论，不过好像实际运用中还得看具体情况。
2、AudioSource
这是unity播放声音的基本组件，关联了audioclip就能够播放了。声音播放基本是在对这个组件进行操作。
3、AudioListener
每个场景只能有一个的组件，声音播放必须的组件，默认绑在main camera上。
4、示例
点击鼠标左键，生成一个立方体，同时发出声音。（模拟子弹射击，玩家发招的声音情况）
这个声音经常使用，就绑定在控制方
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class ThrowCube : MonoBehaviour {
public GameObject perfab;
public AudioClip shoot_sound;
private AudioSource audio_source;
void Start () {
audio_source = GetComponent<AudioSource> ();
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown (0)) {
audio_source.PlayOneShot (shoot_sound,GameInfo.effect_sound_volume);
GameObject shoot_obj = Instantiate (perfab, transform.position, transform.rotation) as GameObject;
shoot_obj.GetComponent<Rigidbody> ().AddRelativeForce (new Vector3 (Input.mousePosition.x/10, Input.mousePosition.y/5, 50f));
}
}
}
立方体掉出屏幕，发出声音并销毁。（模拟怪物被击中的情况）
有种做法，因为这个声音使用频度也可能很高，就把声音绑着控制方，如玩家上。但是，这边为了编程省事，把声音绑着怪物上。
稍微麻烦的地方是要等声音播放完毕再销毁。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class CubeControl : MonoBehaviour
{
public AudioClip destory_sound;
private AudioSource audio_source;
void Awake ()
{
audio_source = GetComponent<AudioSource> ();
audio_source.mute = GameInfo.effect_sound_mute;
}
void OnBecameInvisible ()
{
audio_source.PlayOneShot (destory_sound,GameInfo.effect_sound_volume);
InvokeRepeating ("DestorySelf", 0, .1f);
}
void DestorySelf(){
if (!audio_source.isPlaying) {
Destroy (gameObject);
}
}
}
场景开始播放背景音乐
点击鼠标右键更换播放的背景音乐（模拟事件触发背景音改变）
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class BgSoundControl : MonoBehaviour
{
public AudioClip[] bg_sounds;
private AudioSource audio_source;
void Awake ()
{
audio_source = GetComponent<AudioSource> ();
audio_source.volume = GameInfo.bg_music_volume;
audio_source.clip = bg_sounds [0];
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update ()
{
if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown (1)) {
audio_source.clip = bg_sounds [1];
audio_source.Play ();
}
}
}
添加音量控制
为了方便控制，把背景音乐的游戏对象方到指定的tag便于控制。
建立一个静态类存放音量信息，同时便于多方调用
单次播放的声音，在播放的时候，传入音量大小的参数控制音量，背景声音是控制audiosource的volume值控制音量
public static class GameInfo {
public static float effect_sound_volume;
public static float bg_music_volume;
public static bool effect_sound_mute;
public static bool bg_music_mute;
}音量设置的类
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine.UI;
public class SoundSetControl : MonoBehaviour
{
private AudioSource bg_music;
public Slider sound_slider;
public Slider music_slider;
public Toggle sound_toggle;
public Toggle music_toggle;
public Button confirm_button;
public Button exit_button;
public AudioClip sound_clip;
public AudioClip music_clip;
private AudioSource audio_source;
public delegate void SoundSetAction();
public event SoundSetAction OnClose;
// Use this for initialization
void Awake ()
{
audio_source = GetComponent<AudioSource> ();
AudioSource[] list = FindObjectsOfType<AudioSource> ();
for (int i = 0; i < list.Length; i++) {
if (list [i].gameObject.tag == "BackgroundMusic") {
bg_music = list [i];
break;
}
}
LoadSoundSet ();
SetUI ();
Confirm ();
gameObject.SetActive (false);
}
void OnEnable (){
GetComponent<AudioSource> ().mute = false;
}
public void SetEffectSound ()
{
audio_source.PlayOneShot (sound_clip, sound_slider.value);
sound_toggle.isOn = false;
}
public void SetBgMusic ()
{
audio_source.PlayOneShot (music_clip, music_slider.value);
music_toggle.isOn = false;
}
//根据变量设置游戏音量
public void Confirm(){
GameInfo.bg_music_mute = music_toggle.isOn;
GameInfo.effect_sound_mute = sound_toggle.isOn;
GameInfo.bg_music_volume = music_slider.value;
GameInfo.effect_sound_volume = sound_slider.value;
Save ();
AudioSource[] list = FindObjectsOfType<AudioSource> ();
for (int i = 0; i < list.Length; i++) {
list [i].mute = GameInfo.effect_sound_mute;
}
bg_music.mute = GameInfo.bg_music_mute;
bg_music.volume = GameInfo.bg_music_volume;
}
public void Exit(){
//SoundSetAction ();
if (OnClose != null) {
OnClose ();
}
gameObject.SetActive (false);
}
private void LoadSoundSet ()
{
if (PlayerPrefs.GetInt ("SoundMute", 1)==1) {
GameInfo.effect_sound_mute = true;
} else {
GameInfo.effect_sound_mute = false;
}
if (PlayerPrefs.GetInt ("BgMusicMute", 1)==1) {
GameInfo.bg_music_mute = true;
} else {
GameInfo.bg_music_mute = false;
}
GameInfo.effect_sound_volume = PlayerPrefs.GetFloat ("EffectSoundVolume", 1f);
GameInfo.bg_music_volume = PlayerPrefs.GetFloat ("BgMusicVolume", 1f);
}
private void SetUI(){
sound_slider.value = GameInfo.effect_sound_volume;
sound_toggle.isOn = GameInfo.effect_sound_mute;
music_slider.value = GameInfo.bg_music_volume;
music_toggle.isOn = GameInfo.bg_music_mute;
}
private void Save(){
if (GameInfo.effect_sound_mute) {
PlayerPrefs.SetInt ("SoundMute", 1);
} else {
PlayerPrefs.SetInt ("SoundMute", 0);
}
if (GameInfo.bg_music_mute) {
PlayerPrefs.SetInt ("BgMusicMute", 1);
} else {
PlayerPrefs.SetInt ("BgMusicMute",0);
}
PlayerPrefs.SetFloat ("EffectSoundVolume", GameInfo.effect_sound_volume);
PlayerPrefs.SetFloat ("BgMusicVolume", GameInfo.bg_music_volume);
}
}
关闭的时候，用了事件，这样做的想法是，把这个类绑在canvas上，整个canvas可以做成预制件，方便在多个场景中使用。
事件交由统一的事件处理类，将事件交到其他类去执行。目的是解耦合。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class EventManage : MonoBehaviour {
private GameManage gameManage;
private SoundSetControl soundSetControl;
void Awake(){
gameManage = FindObjectOfType<GameManage> ();
soundSetControl = FindObjectOfType<SoundSetControl> ();
}
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
soundSetControl.OnClose+=gameManage.GamePlay;
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
}
}
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine.UI;
public class GameManage : MonoBehaviour {
//public delegate void GameAction();
//public event GameAction OnGamePause,OnGamePlay;
public GameObject sound_canvas;
private ThrowCube throw_cube;
private AudioSource bg_music;
public Text txt;
// Use this for initialization
void Awake () {
throw_cube = FindObjectOfType<ThrowCube> ();
AudioSource[] list = FindObjectsOfType<AudioSource> ();
for (int i = 0; i < list.Length; i++) {
if (list [i].gameObject.tag == "BackgroundMusic") {
bg_music = list [i];
break;
}
}
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
if (Input.GetKey (KeyCode.Escape)) {
sound_canvas.SetActive (true);
GamePause ();
}
txt.text = GameInfo.bg_music_mute.ToString () + ";" + GameInfo.bg_music_volume.ToString () + ";" + GameInfo.effect_sound_mute.ToString () + ";" + GameInfo.effect_sound_volume.ToString ();
}
public void GamePause(){
throw_cube.enabled = false;
bg_music.Pause ();
}
public void GamePlay(){
throw_cube.enabled = true;
bg_music.Play ();
}
}
