基于容器制作镜像
对容器进行更改从而创建一个新镜像
用法：
| Options | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| —author, -a | Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith hannibal@a-team.com") | |
| -c, --change list | 对创建的镜像应用 Dockerfile 指令 | |
| -m, --message string | 提交消息 | |
| -p, --pause | ture | 在提交期间暂停容器 |
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull busybox
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
Digest: sha256:5acba83a746c7608ed544dc1533b87c737a0b0fb730301639a0179f9344b1678
Status: Image is up to date for busybox:latest
docker.io/library/busybox:latest
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b1 busybox
/ # mkdir data
/ # echo 'hello world' > data/index.html
/ # cat /data/index.html
hello world
[root@localhost ~]# docker commit -p b1
sha256:121711e0cdc98ac8573dd7ab953ce66dc6905a787a3965b1e82c5fabf9b23b3e
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> 121711e0cdc9 15 seconds ago 1.24MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag 121711e0cdc9 busybox:v0.1
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox v0.1 121711e0cdc9 6 minutes ago 1.24MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag 121711e0cdc9 xwsxkx/b1:v0.1
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox v0.1 121711e0cdc9 37 minutes ago 1.24MB
xwsxkx/b1 v0.1 121711e0cdc9 37 minutes ago 1.24MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
此时要注意的是，我们的仓库名叫b1，所以我们要在Docker Hub上创建一个名为b1的仓库，然后再将我们做好的镜像push上去
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox v0.1 121711e0cdc9 37 minutes ago 1.24MB
xwsxkx/b1 v0.1 121711e0cdc9 37 minutes ago 1.24MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: xwsxkx
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox v0.1 121711e0cdc9 44 minutes ago 1.24MB
xwsxkx/b1 v0.1 121711e0cdc9 44 minutes ago 1.24MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker push busybox:v0.1
The push refers to repository [docker.io/library/busybox]
2386f9cfd5cf: Preparing
01fd6df81c8e: Preparing
denied: requested access to the resource is denied
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag busybox:v0.1 xwsxkx/busybox:042601[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
xwsxkx/b1 v0.1 121711e0cdc9 45 minutes ago 1.24MB
xwsxkx/busybox 042601 121711e0cdc9 45 minutes ago 1.24MB
busybox v0.1 121711e0cdc9 45 minutes ago 1.24MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker push xwsxkx/busybox:042601
The push refers to repository [docker.io/xwsxkx/busybox]
2386f9cfd5cf: Pushed
01fd6df81c8e: Mounted from library/busybox
042601: digest: sha256:d07d5284b64c638e51740d00ba86182b343f7fd6c2a44f39e14ee198a0ca139a size: 734
//可拉
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull xwsxkx/busybox:042601
042601: Pulling from xwsxkx/busybox
Digest: sha256:d07d5284b64c638e51740d00ba86182b343f7fd6c2a44f39e14ee198a0ca139a
Status: Image is up to date for xwsxkx/busybox:042601
docker.io/xwsxkx/busybox:042601
使用新生成的镜像创建容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b2 busybox:v0.1
/ # ls
bin data dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
/ # cat data/index.html
hello world
/ # exit
由此可见，新生成的镜像中是包含了新增的内容的，但是此时有一个问题，那就是容器默认要启动的进程是什么？在这里，默认情况下是启动的sh进程，但我们是要启动一个http站点，所以我们要在创建镜像时将容器默认启动的进程设为httpd，这样一来我们就可以通过新生成的镜像来快速构建一个简单的http站点了。
使用docker inspect命令查看b1容器启动的默认进程是什么
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect b1
[
...此处省略N行
"Cmd": [
"sh"
],
...此处省略N行
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
...此处省略N行
]重新生成镜像并上传
[root@localhost ~]# docker commit -a 'sean <2286751511@qq.com>' -c 'CMD ["/bin/httpd","-f","-h","/data"]' -p b1 xwsxkx/httpd:042601
sha256:4cc536f13f961890b09071abbb146ba4c0e7e95e512249c2c064f6945565b319
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
xwsxkx/httpd 042601 4cc536f13f96 10 seconds ago 1.24MB
xwsxkx/b1 v0.1 121711e0cdc9 2 hours ago 1.24MB
xwsxkx/busybox 042601 121711e0cdc9 2 hours ago 1.24MB
busybox v0.1 121711e0cdc9 2 hours ago 1.24MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
使用新生成的镜像创建容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name web xwsxkx/httpd:042601
f1f21e2dbd249983102b416afa49c314995fc2d80ba6e67f6e3206809cc98f7b
co[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f1f21e2dbd24 xwsxkx/httpd:042601 "/bin/httpd -f -h /d…" 6 seconds ago Up 4 seconds web
5649c8c17d18 busybox "sh" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours b1
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect web
[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.3
hello world
镜像的导入与导出
们可以在主机1上push镜像到镜像仓库中，然后在主机2上pull把镜像拉下来使用，这种方式就显得比较麻烦，假如我只是测试用的，在一台主机上做好镜像后在另一台主机上跑一下就行了，没必要推到仓库上然后又把它拉到本地来。
此时我们可以在已有镜像的基础上把镜像打包成一个压缩文件，然后拷贝到另一台主机上将其导入，这就是镜像的导入和导出功能。
docker中我们使用docker save进行导出，使用docker load进行导入。
在已生成镜像的主机上执行docker save导出镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker save -o httpd.tar.xz xwsxkx/httpd:042601
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg data httpd.tar.xz
在另一台没有镜像的主机上执行docker load导入镜像
docker load -i httpd。tar。xz基于容器制作镜像
docker run --name h1 -it centos
[root@6e676b8e9db7 /]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@6e676b8e9db7 yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.comrepo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 2495 100 2495 0 0 9415 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 9415
[root@6e676b8e9db7 yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.comd' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@6e676b8e9db7 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8noarch.rpm
[root@6e676b8e9db7 yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirors.aliyun.com|' /etc/[root@6e676b8e9db7 yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
yum.repos.d/epel
[root@6e676b8e9db7 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Linux-Devel.repo CentOS-Linux-Plus.repo
CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo CentOS-Linux-Extras.repo CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Linux-FastTrack.repo CentOS-Linux-Sources.repo
CentOS-Linux-ContinuousRelease.repo CentOS-Linux-HighAvailability.repo
CentOS-Linux-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Linux-Media.repo
[root@6e676b8e9db7 ~]# dnf -y install make wget
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream 58 B/s | 38 B 00:00
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs n mirrorlist
//报错
解决
[baseos]
name=CentOS Linux $releasever - BaseOS
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=BaseOS&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
baseurl=https://vault.centos.org/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
[appstream]
name=CentOS Linux $releasever - AppStream
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=AppStream&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
baseurl=https://vault.centos.org/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
[root@6e676b8e9db7 ~]wget
https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@6e676b8e9db7 ~] wget https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.53.tar.gz
wget https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@6e676b8e9db7 ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
[root@6e676b8e9db7 ~]# yum groups install "Development Tools"
useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@6e676b8e9db7 apr-1.7.0~]# vi configure
注释掉$RM "$cfgfile"
[root@6e676b8e9db7 ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@6e676b8e9db7 ~]# make -j 4 && make install
[root@6e676b8e9db7 apr-util-1.6.1~]#
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@6e676b8e9db7 apr-util-1.6.1 ~]# make -j 4 && make install
[root@6e676b8e9db7 httpd-2.4.53 ~]# ./configure \
--enable-so \
--enable-ssl \
--enable-cgi \
--enable-rewrite \
--with-zlib \
--with-pcre \
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
--enable-modules=most \
--enable-mpms-shared=all \
--with-mpm=prefork
[root@6e676b8e9db7 httpd-2.4.53 ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH'> /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
[root@6e676b8e9db7 httpd-2.4.53 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
[root@6e676b8e9db7 ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@6e676b8e9db7 system]# vi httpd.service
[root@6e676b8e9db7 system]# cat httpd.service
[Unit]
Description=httpd server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
Execstop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@6e676b8e9db7 system]# systemctl daemon-reload
System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can't operate.
Failed to connect to bus: Host is down
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
docker commit -p 6e676b8e9db7
sha256:81869f360a9bc7b6a25e2f360b5660783d59a9c32693784ac1177f528b874376
docker tag 81869f360a9b xm17671855780:v0.2
docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
xwsxkx/httpd 042601 4cc536f13f96 6 hours ago 1.24MB
xwsxkx/busybox 042601 121711e0cdc9 7 hours ago 1.24MB
busybox v0.1 121711e0cdc9 7 hours ago 1.24MB
xwsxkx/b1 v0.1 121711e0cdc9 7 hours ago 1.24MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 7 months ago 231MB
[root@10~]# docker exec -it 6e676b8e9db7 /bin/bash
[root@8c2ea0081e3b /]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
