Python从门到精通(七):网络-04-创建TPC和UDP服务接口

本章了解下socket编程以及tpc和udp，TCP/IP 中有两个具有代表性的传输层协议分别是 TCP 和 UDP，它们的主要区别是：1、udp是无连接的（广播），tcp是面向连接的；2、udp是不可靠传输，tcp是可靠传输；3、udp是面向报文传输，tcp是面向字节流传输。

其它的TCP，​​UDP​​，IP，FTP，HTTP，ICMP，SMTP 等也都属于 TCP/IP 族内的协议。

一、TCP

1.1、Server

from socketserver import BaseRequestHandler, TCPServer

class EchoHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        print(f'Got connection from {self.client_address}')
        while True:
            # msg = self.request.recv(8192)
            if not (msg := self.request.recv(8192)):
                break
            self.request.send(msg)
            print(f'received msg: {msg}')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    serv = TCPServer(('', 20000), EchoHandler)
    serv.serve_forever()

1.2、Client

from socket import socket, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM

s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(('localhost', 20000))
s.send(b'Hello, world!')

s.recv(8192)

1.3、SuperServer

from socketserver import StreamRequestHandler, TCPServer
from socketserver import ThreadingTCPServer

class EchoHandler(StreamRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        print(f'Got connection from {self.client_address}')
        # self.rfile is a file-like object for reading
        for line in self.rfile:
            # self.wfile is a file-like object for writing
            self.wfile.write(line)
#单线程
if __name__ == '__main__':
    serv = TCPServer(('', 20000), EchoHandler)
    serv.serve_forever()

#多线程
if __name__ == '__main__':
    serv = ThreadingTCPServer(('', 20000), EchoHandler)
    serv.serve_forever()

#线程池
if __name__ == '__main__':
    from threading import Thread
    NWORKERS = 16
    serv = TCPServer(('', 20000), EchoHandler)
    for n in range(NWORKERS):
        t = Thread(target=serv.serve_forever)
        t.daemon = True
        t.start()
    serv.serve_forever()

#bind_and_activate=False 允许改变一些基础配置
import socket
if __name__ == '__main__':
    serv = TCPServer(('', 20000), EchoHandler, bind_and_activate=False)
    # Set up various socket options
    serv.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True)
    # Bind and activate
    serv.server_bind()
    serv.server_activate()
    serv.serve_forever()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    TCPServer.allow_reuse_address = True
    serv = TCPServer(('', 20000), EchoHandler)
    serv.serve_forever()

1.4、Socket

import socket
from socketserver import StreamRequestHandler

class EchoHandler(StreamRequestHandler):
    # Optional settings (defaults shown)
    # Timeout on all socket operations
    timeout = 5
    # Read buffer size
    rbufsize = -1
    # Write buffer size
    wbufsize = 0
    # Sets TCP_NODELAY socket option
    disable_nagle_algorithm = False

    def handle(self):
        print(f'Got connection from {self.client_address}')
        try:
            for line in self.rfile:
                # self.wfile is a file-like object for writing
                self.wfile.write(line)
        except socket.timeout:
            print('Timed out!')

from socket import socket, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM

def echo_handler(address, client_sock):
    print(f'Got connection from {address}')
    while True:
        # msg = client_sock.recv(8192)
        if not (msg := client_sock.recv(8192)):
            break
        client_sock.sendall(msg)
    client_sock.close()

def echo_server(address, backlog=5):
    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.bind(address)
    sock.listen(backlog)
    while True:
        client_sock, client_addr = sock.accept()
        echo_handler(client_addr, client_sock)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    echo_server(('', 20000))

二、UDP

1.1、Server

from socketserver import BaseRequestHandler, UDPServer
import time

class TimeHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        print(f'Got connection from {self.client_address}')
        # Get message and client socket
        msg, sock = self.request
        resp = time.ctime()
        sock.sendto(resp.encode('ascii'), self.client_address)
#单线程
if __name__ == '__main__':
    serv = UDPServer(('', 20000), TimeHandler)
    serv.serve_forever()
#多线程
from socketserver import ThreadingUDPServer
if __name__ == '__main__':
    serv = ThreadingUDPServer(('',20000), TimeHandler)
    serv.serve_forever()

1.2、Client

from socket import socket, AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM

s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
s.sendto(b'', ('localhost', 20000))

s.recvfrom(8192)

1.3、Socket

from socket import socket, AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM
import time

def time_server(address):
    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
    sock.bind(address)
    while True:
        msg, addr = sock.recvfrom(8192)
        print(f'Got message from {addr}')
        resp = time.ctime()
        sock.sendto(resp.encode('ascii'), addr)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    time_server(('', 20000))