1、上传Hive安装包
2、解压Hive到app目录下
tar -zxvf hive-0.12.0.tar.gz -C app/
3、Hive项目结构
[hadoop@cloud04 ~]$ cd app/hive-0.12.0/
[hadoop@cloud04 hive-0.12.0]$ ll
total 228
drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 9 2013 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Apr 27 02:53 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 6 hadoop hadoop 4096 Apr 27 02:53 docs
drwxr-xr-x. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 9 2013 examples
drwxr-xr-x. 7 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 9 2013 hcatalog
drwxr-xr-x. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Apr 27 02:53 lib
-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 23828 Oct 9 2013 LICENSE
-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 1559 Oct 9 2013 NOTICE
-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 3832 Oct 9 2013 README.txt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 166087 Oct 9 2013 RELEASE_NOTES.txt
drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Oct 9 2013 scripts
drwxrwxr-x. 28 hadoop hadoop 4096 Apr 27 02:54 src
Hive配置文件介绍
•hive-site.xml hive的配置文件
•hive-env.sh hive的运行环境文件
•hive-default.xml.template 默认模板
•hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh默认配置
•hive-exec-log4j.properties.template exec默认配置
• hive-log4j.properties.template log默认配置
4、设置环境变量
export JAVA_HOME=/home/hadoop/app/jdk1.7.0_65
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.4.1
export HIVE_HOME=/home/hadoop/app/hive-0.12.0
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HIVE_HOME/bin
#使之生效
source /etc/profile
5、验证
#比较./hive 和 ./bin/hive 区别
#进入bin后，执行hive
[hadoop@cloud04 bin]$ ./hive
hive> create databases hive01;
hive> create table tlb01 (id int ,name string);
hive> show databases;
OK
default
hive01
Time taken: 3.45 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
hive> use hive01;
OK
Time taken: 0.033 seconds
hive> show tables;
OK
tlb01
Time taken: 0.249 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
[hadoop@cloud04 bin]$ ll
total 40
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 881 Oct 9 2013 beeline
-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 363 Apr 27 05:51 derby.log
drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Apr 27 02:53 ext
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 5691 Oct 9 2013 hive
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 1900 Oct 9 2013 hive-config.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 885 Oct 9 2013 hiveserver2
drwxrwxr-x. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Apr 27 05:51 metastore_db
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 832 Oct 9 2013 metatool
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 884 Oct 9 2013 schematool
#在bin目录下执行命令 ./bin/hive
[hadoop@cloud04 bin]$ ./bin/hive
[hadoop@cloud04 bin]$ ll
total 40
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 881 Oct 9 2013 beeline
-rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 363 Apr 27 05:51 derby.log
drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Apr 27 02:53 ext
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 5691 Oct 9 2013 hive
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 1900 Oct 9 2013 hive-config.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 885 Oct 9 2013 hiveserver2
drwxrwxr-x. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Apr 27 05:51 metastore_db
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 832 Oct 9 2013 metatool
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 884 Oct 9 2013 schematool
[hadoop@cloud04 hive-0.12.0]$ ./bin/hive
hive> show databases;
OK
default
Time taken: 3.646 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
发现没有刚才创建的数据库hive01
总结： 对比发现，元数据仅存在执行命令的目录，在不同的目录数据不能互相访问，要解决该问题，引入MySQL存储元数据。
6、 查看元数据在hdfs上存储位置
[hadoop@cloud01 app]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-27 03:50 /user/hive
[hadoop@cloud01 app]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-27 03:50 /user/hive/warehouse
[hadoop@cloud01 app]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-27 04:16 /user/hive/warehouse/hive01.db
[hadoop@cloud01 app]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/hive01.db/
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2015-04-27 04:16 /user/hive/warehouse/hive01.db/tlb01
[hadoop@cloud01 app]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/hive01.db/tlb01
其中： /user/hive/warehouse/数据库名称/表名，例如： /user/hive/warehouse/hive01.db/tlb01 中hive01.db为数据库表名，tlb01位表名
7、常见错误
7.1 使用默认Derby存储元数据
错误1：
hive> create database hive02;
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask. java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient
方案1：
[hadoop@cloud04 bin]$./hive
[hadoop@cloud04 bin]$ more derby.log
java.sql.SQLException: Another instance of Derby may have already booted the database /home/hadoop/app/hive-0.12.0/bin/metastore_db.
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.SQLExceptionFactory40.getSQLException(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.Util.generateCsSQLException(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedConnection.bootDatabase(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedConnection.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedConnection30.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedConnection40.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.jdbc.Driver40.getNewEmbedConnection(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.jdbc.InternalDriver.connect(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.jdbc.AutoloadedDriver.connect(Unknown Source)
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:571)
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:187)
at com.jolbox.bonecp.BoneCP.obtainRawInternalConnection(BoneCP.java:254)
at com.jolbox.bonecp.BoneCP.<init>(BoneCP.java:305)
[hadoop@cloud04 bin]$ ps -ef | grep hive
hadoop 4228 2373 0 04:26 pts/0 00:00:13 /home/hadoop/app/jdk1.7.0_65/bin/java -Xmx256m -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Dhadoop.log.dir=/home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.4.1/logs -Dhadoop.log.file=hadoop.log -Dhadoop.home.dir=/home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.4.1 -Dhadoop.id.str=hadoop -Dhadoop.root.logger=INFO,console -Djava.library.path=/home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.4.1/lib/native -Dhadoop.policy.file=hadoop-policy.xml -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Xmx512m -Dhadoop.security.logger=INFO,NullAppender org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar /home/hadoop/app/hive-0.12.0/lib/hive-cli-0.12.0.jar org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver
hadoop 4862 4655 0 05:37 pts/2 00:00:00 grep hive
[hadoop@cloud04 bin]$ kill -9 4228
hive> show databases;
OK
default
hive01
Time taken: 4.016 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
发现确实是因为这个原因，该问题解决。总之，无论遇到任何问题，不要着急，要通过日志可以快速定位并给予解决。
参考文章：
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-451-id-3143781.html
