文档课题：rhel 7.9搭建oracle 19.13 Data Guard—主库为单实例且non cdb.
说 明：以下备库端数据库软件已提前安装成功，实例未创建.
1、架构规划
2、主库配置
2.1、归档设置
--查数据库是否运行在归档模式.
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Mar 25 15:17:15 2023
Version 19.13.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.13.0.0.0
SYS@orcl> archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 7
Current log sequence 9
备注：如果数据库已经开启归档，下面的操作可忽略.
SYS@orcl> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@orcl> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 4798281184 bytes
Fixed Size 8906208 bytes
Variable Size 872415232 bytes
Database Buffers 3909091328 bytes
Redo Buffers 7868416 bytes
Database mounted.
SYS@orcl> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SYS@orcl> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 7
Next log sequence to archive 9
Current log sequence 9
SYS@orcl> alter database open;
Database altered.
#设置归档路径
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archivelog
SYS@orcl> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SYS@orcl> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 7
Next log sequence to archive 9
Current log sequence 9
SYS@orcl> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@orcl> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 4798281184 bytes
Fixed Size 8906208 bytes
Variable Size 872415232 bytes
Database Buffers 3909091328 bytes
Redo Buffers 7868416 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SYS@orcl> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence 7
Next log sequence to archive 9
Current log sequence 9
2.2、强制logging
--检查数据库是否开启强制logging.
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FORCE_
------
NO
备注：若数据库已经开启强制logging，以下操作可忽略.
#开启强制归档
SYS@orcl> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
SYS@orcl> select force_logging from v$database;
FORCE_LOGGING
---------------------------------------
YES
2.3、创建STANDBY日志文件
--查主库当前redo logfile大小和组数.
SYS@orcl> select thread#,group#,members,bytes/1024/1024 as redo_size from v$log;
THREAD# GROUP# MEMBERS REDO_SIZE
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 1 1 200
1 2 1 200
1 3 1 200
--查standby日志情况.
SYS@orcl> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 as redo_size from v$standby_log;
no rows selected
--创建standby日志文件.
SYS@orcl> alter database add standby logfile group 11 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo11_standby.log') size 200m;
Database altered.
SYS@orcl> alter database add standby logfile group 12 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo12_standby.log') size 200m;
Database altered.
SYS@orcl> alter database add standby logfile group 13 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo13_standby.log') size 200m;
Database altered.
SYS@orcl> alter database add standby logfile group 14 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo14_standby.log') size 200m;
Database altered.
SYS@orcl> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 as stdredo_size from v$standby_log;
GROUP# STDREDO_SIZE
---------- ------------
11 200
12 200
13 200
14 200
2.4、修改参数文件
SYS@orcl> alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,orcldg)' scope=both;
System altered.
SYS@orcl> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=orcldg lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcldg' scope=both;
System altered.
SYS@orcl> alter system set fal_server=orcldg;
System altered.
SYS@orcl> alter system set fal_client=orcl;
System altered.
SYS@orcl> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1='enable';
System altered.
SYS@orcl> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2='enable';
System altered.
--修改standby_file_management.
--设置文件管理模式，此项设置为自动，不然在主库创建数据文件后，备库不会自动创建
SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=auto;
System altered.
2.5、修改TNS文件
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.13.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER_ORCL =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.133.111)(PORT = 1521))
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.133.111)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
ORCLDG =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.133.112)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcldg)
)
)
#蓝色为修改部分.
2.6、拷贝文件
--用spfile文件创建pfile文件：
SYS@orcl> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
--使用scp命令.
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.13.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 dbs]$ ls -ltr
total 10380
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3079 May 14 2015 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Mar 25 12:13 lkORCL
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2048 Mar 25 12:15 orapworcl
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Mar 25 15:28 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4608 Mar 25 15:46 spfileorcl.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10600448 Mar 25 15:48 snapcf_orcl.f
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1501 Mar 25 15:51 initorcl.ora
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 dbs]$ scp initorcl.ora oracle@192.168.133.112:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.13.0/db_1/dbs/
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 dbs]$ scp orapworcl oracle@192.168.133.112:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.13.0/db_1/dbs/
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 admin]$ scp tnsnames.ora oracle@192.168.133.112:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.13.0/db_1/network/admin
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 admin]$ scp listener.ora oracle@192.168.133.112:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.13.0/db_1/network/admin
2.7、主机名解析
--在/etc/hosts中添加IP与主机名的对应关系，以便解析.
[root@leo-oracle-1913 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.133.111 leo-oracle-1913
192.168.133.112 leo-oracle-1913dg
3、备库配置
3.1、添加实例名
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg ~]$ vi /etc/oratab
添加以下：
orcldg:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.13.0/db_1:N
3.2、重命名文件
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg dbs]$ ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3079 May 14 2015 init.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1501 Mar 25 15:59 initorcl.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 2048 Mar 25 15:59 orapworcl
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg dbs]$ mv initorcl.ora initorcldg.ora
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg dbs]$ mv orapworcl orapworcldg
3.3、修改监听
--修改监听配置文件.
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.13.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcldg)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.13.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcldg)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.133.112)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
说明：蓝色为修改部分.
--重启监听后，状态如下.
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 25-MAR-2023 18:58:53
Copyright (c) 1991, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.133.112)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 25-MAR-2023 17:12:47
Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 46 min. 6 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/19.13.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/leo-oracle-1913dg/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.133.112)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcldg" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcldg", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
3.4、修改参数文件
--修改重命名后的参数文件.
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg dbs]$ cat initorcldg.ora
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcldg/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='19.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/control01.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_unique_name='orcldg'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=8256m
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.fal_client='ORCLDG'
*.fal_server='ORCL'
*.local_listener='LISTENER_ORCL'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,orcldg)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcldg'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
*.nls_language='AMERICAN'
*.nls_territory='AMERICA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=1525m
*.processes=320
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=4575m
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLDG/'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/'
说明：按如上参数进行修改.
3.5、创建目录
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcldg/adump
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archivelog
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLDG/
3.6、nomount备库
--启动备库到nomount状态.
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
orcldg
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Mar 25 16:58:30 2023
Version 19.13.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/19.13.0/db_1/dbs/initorcldg.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 4798281184 bytes
Fixed Size 8906208 bytes
Variable Size 872415232 bytes
Database Buffers 3909091328 bytes
Redo Buffers 7868416 bytes
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/19.13.0/db_1/dbs/initorcldg.ora';
File created.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.13.0.0.0
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Mar 25 17:01:00 2023
Version 19.13.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 4798281184 bytes
Fixed Size 8906208 bytes
Variable Size 872415232 bytes
Database Buffers 3909091328 bytes
Redo Buffers 7868416 bytes
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
STARTED
4、测试互通性
验证监听和TNS配置.
主库：
ping 192.168.133.112
tnsping orcldg
备库：
ping 192.168.133.111
tnsping orcl
测试OK后，主备库进行如下连接测试.
4.1、主库验证
$ sqlplus sys/oracle_4U@192.168.133.111:1521/orcl as sysdba
> show parameter db_unique_name;
$ sqlplus sys/oracle_4U@192.168.133.112:1521/orcldg as sysdba
> show parameter db_unique_name;
4.2、备库验证
$ sqlplus sys/oracle_4U@192.168.133.112:1521/orcldg as sysdba
> show parameter db_unique_name
$ sqlplus sys/oracle_4U@192.168.133.111:1521/orcl as sysdba
> show parameter db_unique_name
备注：在主备库上测试通过后执行下面步骤.
5、恢复数据库
5.1、开始恢复
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg admin]$ rman target sys/oracle_4U@orcl auxiliary sys/oracle_4U@orcldg
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Mar 25 17:29:04 2023
Version 19.13.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1660183232)
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;
Starting Duplicate Db at 25-MAR-23
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=11 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
passwordfile auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.13.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcldg' ;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 25-MAR-23
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=273 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 25-MAR-23
contents of Memory Script:
{
restore clone from service 'orcl' standby controlfile;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting restore at 25-MAR-23
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service orcl
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/control01.ctl
Finished restore at 25-MAR-23
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 7 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/users01.dbf";
restore
from nonsparse from service
'orcl' clone database
;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/temp01.dbf in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 25-MAR-23
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service orcl
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/system01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service orcl
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service orcl
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service orcl
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/users01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 25-MAR-23
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=1132421421 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/system01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=1132421421 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=1132421421 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=1132421421 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/users01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 25-MAR-23
5.2、开启实时同步
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
#查看备库状态
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------------------
OPEN
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
----------------------------------------
READ ONLY
#开启实时同步
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using archived logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.
SQL> select process,status from v$managed_standby;
PROCESS STATUS
--------- ------------
RFS IDLE
ARCH CONNECTED
DGRD ALLOCATED
DGRD ALLOCATED
ARCH CONNECTED
ARCH CONNECTED
ARCH CONNECTED
RFS IDLE
RFS IDLE
MRP0 WAIT_FOR_LOG
10 rows selected.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY
6、验证同步
6.1、查最大归档序号
主库执行：
SYS@orcl> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
10
备库验证：
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
10
--归档当前日志.
主库执行：
SYS@orcl> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SYS@orcl> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
11
备库验证：
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
11
6.2、查主备库状态
主库执行：
SYS@orcl> select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE
-------------------- ----------------
TO STANDBY PRIMARY
备库执行：
SQL> select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE
-------------------- ----------------
NOT ALLOWED PHYSICAL STANDBY
6.3、建表测试
主库执行：
SYS@orcl> create table test (id number);
Table created.
SYS@orcl> begin
2 for i in 1..100 loop
3 insert into test values (i);
4 end loop;
5 end;
6 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SYS@orcl> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@orcl> select count(*) from test;
COUNT(*)
----------
100
SYS@orcl> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
备库验证：
SQL> select count(*) from test;
COUNT(*)
----------
100
说明：主备实时同步，DG搭建结束.
