b GaussDB数据库开发设计

一 使用IAM账户登录

二 创建gaussDB 1 首先进入控制台-vpc-左手边选择访问限制-点击安全组-选择已创建好的，点击后面配置规则

选择【入方向规则】，单击【添加规则】，具体如下：

8000端口放开成功。

2 创建GaussDB数据库 进入GaussDB(for openGauss)服务，点击左侧的【服务列表】，选择其中【数据库】下的【云数据库GaussDB】。

进入云数据库GaussDB，点击右侧【购买数据库实例】按钮。

计费模式选择【按需计费】，区域使用默认的【华北-北京四】，实例名称可以设置为【gauss-hccdp】，数据库版本选择【2.7企业版】，实例类型为【主备版】

性能规格、存储类型选择默认，存储空间（200G）、磁盘加密选择不加密。 虚拟私有云、内网安全组和数据库端口可以选择默认。 设置符合安全要求的root用户密码，密码设置为：Test-1234，其他选择默认 确认信息无误后，点击【提交】。

任务提交成功后，点击【返回云数据库GaussDB列表】。

此时数据库进入创建状态，在运行状态处显示为【创建中】，GaussDB(for openGauss)数据库创建大概需要花费20分钟左右。

在数据库创建过程中，可以先继续完成下面的操作。

二 创建表 1 认识TPCC模式E-R图 TPCC压测模型中共包含9张表，分别为bmsql_warehouse、bmsql_stock、bmsql_order_line、bmsql_ooder、bmsql_new_order、bmsql_item、bmsql_history、bmsql_district、bmsql_customer

2 认识表结构

D_W_ID ForeignKey, references W_ID

(C_W_ID, C_D_ID)Foreign Key, references (D_W_ID, D_ID)

(H_C_W_ID,H_C_D_ID, H_C_ID) Foreign Key, references (C_W_ID, C_D_ID, C_ID) (H_WID, H_D_ID)Foreign Key, references(D_W_ID, D_ID)

(O_W_ID, O_D_ID,O_C_ID) Foreign Key, references (C_W_ID, C_D_ID, C_ID)

(OL_W_ID,OL_D_ID, OL_O_ID) Foreign Key, references (O_W_ID, O_D_ID, D_ID) (OL_SUPPLY_W_ID,OL_I_ID) Foreign Key, references ( S_W_ID, S_I_ID)

S_W_ID ForeignKey, references W_ID S_I_ID ForeignKey, references I_ID

3登录ECS云服务器

⑴选择服务列表-弹性云服务器，在服务器列表找到ecs-hccdp

⑵查看预支好的ecs-os绑定的弹性ip

⑶打开桌面上的终端 ，使用如下命令登录ecs-hccdp.(用实际弹性ip地址替换命令中的EIP) ssh root@EIP

⑷下载GaussDB链接工具并解压
wget https://dbs-download.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/GaussDB/1642684986086/GaussDB_opengauss_client_tools.zip unzip GaussDB_opengauss_client_tools.zip cd /root/GaussDB_opengauss_client_tools/Euler2.5_X86_64 cp GaussDB-Kernel-V500R001C20-EULER-64bit-gsql.tar.gz /opt cd /opt/ tar -zxvf GaussDB-Kernel-V500R001C20-EULER-64bit-gsql.tar.gz source gsql_env.sh

⑸使用gsql客户端连接数据库，并创建数据库及对应用户，以下命令的是GaussDB主节点的IP，Test-1234是数据库密码，请根据实际情况替换 gsql -h <GaussDB主节点的IP> -d postgres -p 8000 -U root -W Test-1234 -r

⑹创建一个'devdb'的库并登录
CREATE DATABASE devdb ENCODING 'UTF8' template = template0;
\q

gsql -h <GaussDB主节点的IP> -d devdb -p 8000 -U root -W Test-1234 -r CREATE USER hccdp SYSADMIN IDENTIFIED BY "NHY^7ujm"; \q

⑺登录devdb库，是主节点IP注意根据实际情况更换，hccdp是用户名，NHY^7ujm是密码 gsql -h <GaussDB主节点的IP> -d devdb -p 8000 -U hccdp -W NHY^7ujm -r

4使用create语句创建表

由于存在外键关联，需要注意创建先后顺序

CREATE TABLE bmsql_warehouse (
w_id integer NOT NULL,
w_ytd numeric(12,2),
w_tax numeric(4,4),
w_name character varying(10),
w_street_1 character varying(20),
w_street_2 character varying(20),
w_city character varying(20),
w_state character(2),
w_zip character(9)
);

ALTER TABLE bmsql_warehouse ADD CONSTRAINT bmsql_warehouse_pkey PRIMARY KEY (w_id);

CREATE TABLE bmsql_district (
d_w_id integer NOT NULL,
d_id integer NOT NULL,
d_ytd numeric(12,2),
d_tax numeric(4,4),
d_next_o_id integer,
d_name character varying(10),
d_street_1 character varying(20),
d_street_2 character varying(20),
d_city character varying(20),
d_state character(2),
d_zip character(9),
CONSTRAINT d_warehouse_fkey FOREIGN KEY (d_w_id) REFERENCES bmsql_warehouse(w_id)
);

ALTER TABLE bmsql_district ADD CONSTRAINT bmsql_district_pkey PRIMARY KEY (d_w_id, d_id);

CREATE TABLE bmsql_customer (
c_w_id integer NOT NULL,
c_d_id integer NOT NULL,
c_id integer NOT NULL,
c_discount numeric(4,4),
c_credit character(2),
c_last character varying(16),
c_first character varying(16),
c_credit_lim numeric(12,2),
c_balance numeric(12,2),
c_ytd_payment numeric(12,2),
c_payment_cnt integer,
c_delivery_cnt integer,
c_street_1 character varying(20),
c_street_2 character varying(20),
c_city character varying(20),
c_state character(2),
c_zip character(9),
c_phone character(16),
c_since timestamp without time zone,
c_middle character(2),
c_data character varying(500),
CONSTRAINT c_district_fkey FOREIGN KEY (c_w_id, c_d_id) REFERENCES bmsql_district(d_w_id, d_id)
);

ALTER TABLE bmsql_customer ADD CONSTRAINT bmsql_customer_pkey PRIMARY KEY (c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id);

CREATE TABLE bmsql_history (
hist_id serial NOT NULL,
h_c_id integer,
h_c_d_id integer,
h_c_w_id integer,
h_d_id integer,
h_w_id integer,
h_date timestamp without time zone,
h_amount numeric(6,2),
h_data character varying(24),
CONSTRAINT h_district_fkey FOREIGN KEY (h_w_id, h_d_id) REFERENCES bmsql_district(d_w_id, d_id),
CONSTRAINT h_customer_fkey FOREIGN KEY (h_c_w_id, h_c_d_id, h_c_id) REFERENCES bmsql_customer(c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id) );

ALTER TABLE bmsql_history ADD CONSTRAINT bmsql_history_pkey PRIMARY KEY (hist_id);

CREATE TABLE bmsql_oorder (
o_w_id integer NOT NULL,
o_d_id integer NOT NULL,
o_id integer NOT NULL,
o_c_id integer,
o_carrier_id integer,
o_ol_cnt integer,
o_all_local integer,
o_entry_d timestamp without time zone,
CONSTRAINT o_customer_fkey FOREIGN KEY (o_w_id, o_d_id, o_c_id) REFERENCES bmsql_customer(c_w_id, c_d_id, c_id)
);

ALTER TABLE bmsql_oorder ADD CONSTRAINT bmsql_oorder_pkey PRIMARY KEY (o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id);

CREATE TABLE bmsql_new_order (
no_w_id integer NOT NULL,
no_d_id integer NOT NULL,
no_o_id integer NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT no_order_fkey FOREIGN KEY (no_w_id, no_d_id, no_o_id) REFERENCES bmsql_oorder(o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id) );

ALTER TABLE bmsql_new_order ADD CONSTRAINT bmsql_new_order_pkey PRIMARY KEY (no_w_id, no_d_id, no_o_id);

CREATE TABLE bmsql_item (
i_id integer NOT NULL,
i_name character varying(24),
i_price numeric(5,2),
i_data character varying(50),
i_im_id integer
);

ALTER TABLE bmsql_item ADD CONSTRAINT bmsql_item_pkey PRIMARY KEY (i_id);

CREATE TABLE bmsql_stock (
s_w_id integer NOT NULL,
s_i_id integer NOT NULL,
s_quantity integer,
s_ytd integer,
s_order_cnt integer,
s_remote_cnt integer,
s_data character varying(50),
s_dist_01 character(24),
s_dist_02 character(24),
s_dist_03 character(24),
s_dist_04 character(24),
s_dist_05 character(24),
s_dist_06 character(24),
s_dist_07 character(24),
s_dist_08 character(24),
s_dist_09 character(24),
s_dist_10 character(24),
CONSTRAINT s_item_fkey FOREIGN KEY (s_i_id) REFERENCES bmsql_item(i_id),
CONSTRAINT s_warehouse_fkey FOREIGN KEY (s_w_id) REFERENCES bmsql_warehouse(w_id) );

ALTER TABLE bmsql_stock ADD CONSTRAINT bmsql_stock_pkey PRIMARY KEY (s_w_id, s_i_id);

CREATE TABLE bmsql_order_line (
ol_w_id integer NOT NULL,
ol_d_id integer NOT NULL,
ol_o_id integer NOT NULL,
ol_number integer NOT NULL,
ol_i_id integer NOT NULL,
ol_delivery_d timestamp without time zone,
ol_amount numeric(6,2),
ol_supply_w_id integer,
ol_quantity integer,
ol_dist_info character(24),
CONSTRAINT ol_stock_fkey FOREIGN KEY (ol_supply_w_id, ol_i_id) REFERENCES bmsql_stock(s_w_id, s_i_id),
CONSTRAINT ol_order_fkey FOREIGN KEY (ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id) REFERENCES bmsql_oorder(o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id)
);

ALTER TABLE bmsql_order_line ADD CONSTRAINT bmsql_order_line_pkey PRIMARY KEY (ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number);

使用以下命令查看创建的表
\d

三 上传对应数据文件至/root/tpcc/目录下 1 退出gsql
\q

2 上传对应数据文件至/root/tpcc/目录下 mkdir /root/tpcc/ cd /root/tpcc wget https://sandbox-expriment-files.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/gaussdb/tpcc.tar.gz tar -zxvf tpcc.tar.gz mv /root/tpcc/home/user/rar/tpcc/bmsql_* .

3 进入gsql
cd /opt/ source gsql_env.sh gsql -h <GaussDB主节点的IP> -d devdb -p 8000 -U hccdp -W NHY^7ujm -r

4 使用\copy命令导入数据 对于bmsql_customer、bmsql_history、bmsql_stock、bmsql_order_line等数据量大的表，数据导入耗时会长些，需耐心等待。

\copy bmsql_warehouse from '/root/tpcc/bmsql_warehouse.csv' with ( FORMAT 'csv', DELIMITER ',', ENCODING 'utf8');
\copy bmsql_district from '/root/tpcc/bmsql_district.csv' with ( FORMAT 'csv', DELIMITER ',', ENCODING 'utf8'); \copy bmsql_customer from '/root/tpcc/bmsql_customer.csv' with ( FORMAT 'csv', DELIMITER ',', ENCODING 'utf8'); \copy bmsql_history from '/root/tpcc/bmsql_history.csv' with ( FORMAT 'csv', DELIMITER ',', ENCODING 'utf8'); \copy bmsql_oorder from '/root/tpcc/bmsql_oorder.csv' with ( FORMAT 'csv', DELIMITER ',', ENCODING 'utf8'); \copy bmsql_item from '/root/tpcc/bmsql_item.csv' with ( FORMAT 'csv', DELIMITER ',', ENCODING 'utf8'); \copy bmsql_new_order from '/root/tpcc/bmsql_new_order.csv' with ( FORMAT 'csv', DELIMITER ',', ENCODING 'utf8'); \copy bmsql_stock from '/root/tpcc/bmsql_stock.csv' with ( FORMAT 'csv', DELIMITER ',', ENCODING 'utf8'); \copy bmsql_order_line from '/root/tpcc/bmsql_order_line.csv' with ( FORMAT 'csv', DELIMITER ',', ENCODING 'utf8');

analyze bmsql_stock; analyze bmsql_order_line; analyze bmsql_warehouse; analyze bmsql_district; analyze bmsql_customer; analyze bmsql_history; analyze bmsql_oorder; analyze bmsql_new_order; analyze bmsql_item;

所有命令执行失败，因为上一步的wget 并没有下载任何源文件 使用以下命令查看对应的表是否导入数据，其中bmsql_customer是当中某个表表名 SELECT count() FROM bmsql_customer;

四 添加约束以及索引 1 添加唯一约束
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX bmsql_oorder_idx1 ON bmsql_oorder USING btree (o_w_id, o_d_id, o_carrier_id, o_id);

GaussDB和MySQL系统表不同，无法通过以上SQL语句查看表结果，需要求助产品同事

2 添加索引
create index bmsql_customer_idx1 on bmsql_customer (c_w_id, c_d_id, c_last, c_first);

通过以下命令查询创建的索引
\di bmsql_customer_idx1

GaussDB和MySQL系统表不同，无法通过以上SQL语句查看表结果，需要求助产品同事

五 SQL查询。 接下来的实验依托TPCC业务逻辑开展，相关SQL语句中的“？”可以替换为前面表中的数据。

1 新建订单 TPCC中，新建订单事务对应的内容为：对于任意一个客户端，从固定的仓库随机选取 5-15 件商品，创建新订单，其中 1%的订单要由假想的用户操作失败而回滚。此类事务在整个TPCC测试用例中占比 : 45%。

以下是新建订单事务中的语句举例：

以仓库id关联客户表和仓库表，查询客户及仓库相关信息
SELECT c_discount, c_last, c_credit, w_tax FROM bmsql_customer JOIN bmsql_warehouse ON (w_id = c_w_id) WHERE c_w_id = 1 AND c_d_id = 1 AND c_id = 114;

更新地区表
SELECT d_tax, d_next_o_id FROM bmsql_district WHERE d_w_id = 1 AND d_id = 1 FOR UPDATE; UPDATE bmsql_district SET d_next_o_id = d_next_o_id + 1 WHERE d_w_id = 1 AND d_id = 1;

在新订单表中插入数据（未发货）
INSERT INTO bmsql_oorder (o_id, o_d_id, o_w_id, o_c_id, o_entry_d,o_ol_cnt, o_all_local)VALUES (3001, 1, 1, 114,'2023-02-11 15:00' , 14, 1);

在订单总表中插入数据
INSERT INTO bmsql_new_order (no_o_id, no_d_id, no_w_id)VALUES (3001, 1, 1);

查看商品库存
SELECT s_quantity, s_data,s_dist_01, s_dist_02, s_dist_03, s_dist_04,s_dist_05, s_dist_06, s_dist_07, s_dist_08,s_dist_09, s_dist_10 FROM bmsql_stock WHERE s_w_id = 1 AND s_i_id = 1 FOR UPDATE;

更新商品库存信息
UPDATE bmsql_stock SET s_quantity = 90, s_ytd = s_ytd + 4,s_order_cnt = s_order_cnt + 1,s_remote_cnt = s_remote_cnt + 1 WHERE s_w_id = 1 AND s_i_id = 1;

插入订货线数据
INSERT INTO bmsql_order_line (ol_o_id, ol_d_id, ol_w_id, ol_number,ol_i_id, ol_supply_w_id, ol_quantity,ol_amount, ol_dist_info)VALUES (3001, 1, 1, 16, 1, 1, 4, 0, 'j6vO1P7KCKKdP73IcBHkkkRQ');

2 支付订单 TPCC中，支付订单事务对应的内容为：对于任意一个客户端，从固定的仓库随机选取一个辖区及其内用户，采用随机的金额支付一笔订单，并作相应历史纪录。此类事务在整个TPCC测试用例中占比 : 43%

以下是支付订单事务中的语句举例：

选择一个仓库:
SELECT w_name, w_street_1, w_street_2, w_city, w_state, w_zip FROM bmsql_warehouse WHERE w_id = 1;

选择一个辖区
SELECT d_name, d_street_1, d_street_2, d_city, d_state, d_zip FROM bmsql_district WHERE d_w_id = 1 AND d_id = 1;

根据仓库和辖区信息，选择一个客户
SELECT c_id FROM bmsql_customer WHERE c_w_id = 1 AND c_d_id = 1 AND c_last = 'BARBARPRI' ORDER BY c_first;

查看该客户信息
SELECT c_first, c_middle, c_last, c_street_1, c_street_2,c_city, c_state, c_zip, c_phone, c_since, c_credit, c_credit_lim, c_discount, c_balance FROM bmsql_customer WHERE c_w_id = 1 AND c_d_id = 1 AND c_id = 4 FOR UPDATE; SELECT c_data FROM bmsql_customer WHERE c_w_id = 1 AND c_d_id = 1 AND c_id = 4;

采用随机的金额支付一笔订单，更新客户表、辖区表、仓库表数据
UPDATE bmsql_warehouse SET w_ytd = w_ytd + 3 WHERE w_id = 1; UPDATE bmsql_district SET d_ytd = d_ytd + 3 WHERE d_w_id = 1 AND d_id = 1; UPDATE bmsql_customer SET c_balance = c_balance - 50, c_ytd_payment = c_ytd_payment + 50 ,c_payment_cnt = c_payment_cnt + 1 WHERE c_w_id = 1 AND c_d_id = 1 AND c_id = 4;

记录该笔支付至历史表
INSERT INTO bmsql_history (h_id,h_c_id, h_c_d_id, h_c_w_id, h_d_id, h_w_id,h_date, h_amount, h_data)VALUES (300001,4, 1, 1, 1, 1, '2023-02-11', 50, 'succeed');

3 查询订单状态 TPCC中，查询订单状态事务对应的内容为：对于任意一个客户端，从固定的仓库随机选取一个辖区及其内用户，读取其最后一条订单，显示订单内每件商品的状态，此类事务在整个TPCC测试用例中占比 : 4%。

以下是查询订单状态事务中的语句举例：

选择一个客户
SELECT c_id FROM bmsql_customer WHERE c_w_id = 1 AND c_d_id = 2 AND c_last = 'BAROUGHTPRES' ORDER BY c_first

查看该客户的相关信息
SELECT c_first, c_middle, c_last, c_balance FROM bmsql_customer WHERE c_w_id = 1 AND c_d_id = 2 AND c_id = 15;

查看该客户的最新一条订单信息
SELECT o_id, o_entry_d, o_carrier_id FROM bmsql_oorder WHERE o_w_id = 1 AND o_d_id = 2 AND o_c_id = 15 AND o_id = (SELECT max(o_id) FROM bmsql_oorder WHERE o_w_id = 1 AND o_d_id = 2 AND o_c_id = 15);

查看订货线中该客户的最新订单的商品状态
SELECT ol_i_id, ol_supply_w_id, ol_quantity,ol_amount, ol_delivery_d FROM bmsql_order_line WHERE ol_w_id = 1 AND ol_d_id = 2 AND ol_o_id = 1229 ORDER BY ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number;

4 发货 TPCC中，发货事务对应的内容为：对于任意一个客户端，随机选取一个发货包，更新被处理订单的用户余额，并把该订单从新订单中删除。此类事务在整个TPCC测试用例中占比 : 4%。

以下是发货事务中的语句举例：

选择一个发货包
SELECT min(no_o_id) FROM bmsql_new_order WHERE no_w_id = 2 AND no_d_id = 2 ;

在新订单中删除该发货包数据
DELETE FROM bmsql_new_order WHERE no_w_id = 2 AND no_d_id = 2 AND no_o_id = 2101;

获取该发货包的客户
SELECT o_c_id FROM bmsql_oorder WHERE o_w_id =2 AND o_d_id = 2 AND o_id = 2101;

更新订单总表中信息
SELECT sum(ol_amount) AS sum_ol_amount FROM bmsql_order_line WHERE ol_w_id = 2 AND ol_d_id = 2 AND ol_o_id = 2101;

计算该发货包的订单金额
SELECT sum(ol_amount) AS sum_ol_amount FROM bmsql_order_line WHERE ol_w_id = 2 AND ol_d_id = 2 AND ol_o_id = 2101;

更新订货线中发货状态
UPDATE bmsql_order_line SET ol_delivery_d = '2023-2-11' WHERE ol_w_id = 2 AND ol_d_id = 2 AND ol_o_id = 2101;

根据订单金额，更新用户余额
UPDATE bmsql_customer SET c_balance = c_balance + 31547.84, c_delivery_cnt = c_delivery_cnt + 1 WHERE c_w_id = 2 AND c_d_id = 2 AND c_id = 2855;

5 查询库存 TPCC中，查询库存事务对应的内容为：对于任意一个客户端，从固定的仓库和辖区随机选取最后 20 条订单，查看订单中所有的货物的库存，计算并显示所有库存低于随机生成域值的商品数量。此类事务在整个TPCC测试用例中占比 : 4%。

以下是查询库存事务中的语句举例：

选择一个辖区和仓库，并定义一个阈值，按上述要求查看库存
SELECT count(*) AS low_stock FROM ( SELECT s_w_id, s_i_id, s_quantity FROM bmsql_stock WHERE s_w_id = 1 AND s_quantity < 60 AND s_i_id IN ( SELECT ol_i_id FROM bmsql_district JOIN bmsql_order_line ON ol_w_id = d_w_id AND ol_d_id = d_id AND ol_o_id >= d_next_o_id - 20 AND ol_o_id < d_next_o_id WHERE d_w_id = 1 AND d_id = 1));