(长难句分析)
英语
每日一句
And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS's ultimate overseer — Congress — insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected.(2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)
词汇
interest group: 利益集团 range from …… to …… : 范围从 …… 到 …… exert pressure on ……: 向 …… 施压 ultimate: adj. 最终的,极限的,根本的 ultimately: adv. 最后;根本上 overseer: n. 监督者 Congress: n. (美国及其他一些国家的)国会 status quo: 现状
第一步:找谓语
And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers ==exert== self-interested pressure on the USPS's ultimate overseer — Congress — insisting that whatever else ==happens== to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they ==depend== on ==get protected==.
第二步:断句
原句中存在4处谓语,包含4件事,其谓语分别存在于以下位置:
- exert 为主句谓语
- happens 为 whatever 引导的让步状语从句
- depend 为定语从句谓语
- get protected 为 that 引导的宾语从句
按照标点、引导词以及谓语,可以将其断开为以下分句:
- And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers ==exert== self-interested pressure on the USPS's ultimate overseer — Congress — insisting —— 主句
- that …… aspects of the status quo they ==depend== on ==get protected==. —— 宾语从句
- whatever else ==happens== to the Postal Service, —— 让步状语从句
第三步:简化
主句
And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS's ultimate overseer — Congress — insisting
- 主句主语部分:And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers
- 并列连词:and 连接该句与上一句,不属于该句的核心部分
- 形容词:interest 修饰名词:groups
- 名词:groups 为主句主语核心词
- 非谓语动词词组:ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers 为后置定语,修饰名词:groups ,表示主动
- 该部分为:from A to B 的结构,修饰动词:ranging ,说明其具体的范围
- 主句谓语部分:exert 为及物动词,后接宾语
- 主句宾语部分:self-interested pressure on the USPS's ultimate overseer — Congress — insisting
- 复合形容词:self-interested 修饰名词:pressure
- 名词:pressure 为主句宾语核心词
- 介词短语:on the USPS's ultimate overseer — Congress — insisting 为对象状语,修饰动词:exert,说明动作的具体对象
- 名词:Congress 为同位语,由双破折号 "—" 隔开,修饰名词:overseer
- 非谓语动词:insisting 修饰主句,表示主动和伴随
去掉主句扩展部分,就得到了主句核心:
- …… groups …… exert …… pressure …… —— …… 集团 …… 向 …… 施压……
宾语从句
that …… aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected.
- 从句引导词:that 引导宾语从句,作为非谓语动词:insisting 的宾语
- 从句主语部分:aspects of the status quo they depend on
- 名词:aspects 为从句主语核心词
- 介词短语:of the status quo they depend on 为后置定语,修饰名词:aspects ,说明其具体的内容
- 定语从句:they depend on 修饰名词词组:status quo
- 从句省略了从句引导词:that
- 从句主语部分:they
- 从句谓语部分:depend on
- 从句谓语部分:get protected
去掉从句扩展部分,就得到了从句核心:
- that …… aspects …… get protected. —— ……方面……得到了保护
条件状语从句
whatever else happens to the Postal Service,
- 从句引导词:whatever 引导条件状语从句,修饰宾语从句
- 从句引导词在从句中作主语
- 从句谓语部分:else happens
- 副词:else 修饰动词:happens
- 动词:happens 为不及物动词
- 从句状语部分:to the Postal Service, 为目的状语,修饰动词:happens 表示动作发生的对象
去掉从句扩展部分,就得到了从句核心:
- whatever …… happens …… —— 无论如何……发生……