(长难句分析)
英语
每日一句
A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world : after town of culture , who knows what will follow — village of culture ? Suburb of culture ? Hamlet of culture ?(2020, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
词汇
cynic: n. 愤世嫉俗的人，悲观者，怀疑者 cynical: adj. 愤世嫉俗的，悲观的，怀疑的 speculate: v. 猜测，推测，推断 speculation: n. 猜测，推测，推断 on the verge of...: 濒临......，接近...... self-celebration: 自我庆贺，自我赞美 desperation: n. 极度渴望；绝望，拼命，不顾一切 Brexit: n. 英国脱欧 hamlet: n. 小村庄
第一步：找谓语
A cynic ==might speculate== that the UK ==is== on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world : after town of culture , who ==knows== what ==will follow== — village of culture ? Suburb of culture ? Hamlet of culture ?
第二步：断句
原句中存在4处谓语，包含4件事，其谓语分别位于以下位置：
- might speculate 为主句谓语
- is 为 that 引导的宾语从句谓语
- knows 为 who 引导的疑问句谓语
- will follow 为 what 引导的宾语从句谓语
按照标点、引导词以及谓语，可以将原句断开为以下分句：
- A cynic ==might speculate== —— 主句
- that the UK ==is== on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world : —— 宾语从句
- after town of culture, who ==knows== —— 疑问句从句
- what ==will follow== — village of culture ? Suburb of culture ? Hamlet of culture ? —— 宾语从句
第三步：简化
主句
A cynic might speculate
- 主句主语部分：A cynic
- 主句谓语部分：might speculate
去掉主句扩展部分，就得到了主句核心：
- …… cynic might speculate —— …… 悲观者可能才艺
宾语从句
that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world : after town of culture ,
- 从句引导词：that 引导宾语从句，作为动词：might speculate 的宾语
- 从句主语部分：the UK
- 定冠词：the 修饰名词：UK
- 名词：UK 为从句主语核心词
- 从句谓语部分：is 为系动词，后接表语
- 从句表语部分：on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world :
- 介词短语：on the verge 为介词短语作表语
- 定冠词：the 修饰名词：verge
- 名词：verge 为介词：on 的宾语
- 介词短语：of disappearing into an endless fever 为后置定语，修饰名词：verge，说明其具体范围
- 非谓语动词：disappearing 作为介词：of 的名词
- 介词短语：into an endless fever of self-celebration 为方向状语，修饰动名词：disappearing，表示消失的具体方向
- 不定冠词：an 修饰名词：fever
- 形容词：endless 修饰名词：fever
- 名词：fever 为介词：into 的宾语
- 介词短语：of self-celebration 为后置定语，修饰名词：fever
- 介词短语： in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world : 为原因状语，修饰句子，表示其具体原因
- 非谓语动词词组： to reinvent itself 为后置定语，修饰名词：desperation
- 介词短语：for the post-Brexit world 为对象状语，修饰非谓语动词：to reinvent
- 介词短语：on the verge 为介词短语作表语
去掉从句扩展部分，就得到了从句核心：
- that …… UK is on …… verge …… —— …… 英国是在 …… 边缘 ……
疑问句
after town of culture, who knows
- 介词短语：after town of culture, 为时间状语，修饰疑问句，说明其发生的时间
- 名词：town 为介词：after 的宾语
- 介词短语：of culture 为后置定语，修饰名词词：town
- 疑问句引导词：who 引导疑问句，引导词在疑问句中作主语
- 疑问句谓语部分：knows 为及物动词，后接宾语
去掉疑问句扩展部分，就得到了疑问句核心：
- …… who knows …… —— …… 谁知道 ……
宾语从句
what will follow — village of culture ? Suburb of culture ? Hamlet of culture ?
- 从句引导词：what 引导宾语从句，作为动词：knows 的宾语，引导词在从句中作主语
- 从句谓语部分：will follow
- 并列结构：village of culture ? Suburb of culture ? Hamlet of culture ?
- 介词短语：of culture 为后置定语，分别修饰名词：village、Suburb 以及 Hamlet
去掉从句扩展部分，就得到了从句核心：
- what will follow …… —— 什么将会跟随 ……
