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ES6 Proxy 性能之我见

钟罗敏 2022-02-08 阅读 82


Proxy是ES6的一个强力功能,它通过为 ​​get/set​​一个属性 设置"陷阱"(函数处理器)让我们可以拦截对于对象属性的操作。比如:

const obj = {};
const proxy = new Proxy(obj, {
get: () => {
console.log('hi');
}
});

obj.a; // "hi"

Proxy被称赞为​​现在已经被废弃的​​Object.observe()​​属性的取代者​​。

然而不幸的是,Proxy有一个致命缺陷:性能。

更打击人的是,​​Object.observe()​​​就是因为性能被废弃的,而以我(原作者)对V8的理解,对于​​JIT(Just in Time,准时制)​​​来说,​​Object.observe()​​比Proxy容易优化多了。

Proxy到底有多慢?

我(原作者)在node v6.9.0中用​​benchmark​​简单试了一下:

var Benchmark = require('benchmark');

var suite = new Benchmark.Suite;

var obj = {};

var _obj = {};
var proxy = new Proxy(_obj, {
set: (obj, prop, value) => { _obj[prop] = value; }
});

var defineProp = {};
Object.defineProperty(defineProp, 'prop', {
configurable: false,
set: v => defineProp._v = v
});

// 译者注: vanilla js 指的就是原生js
suite.
add('vanilla', function() {
obj.prop = 5;
}).
add('proxy', function() {
proxy.prop = 5;
}).
add('defineProperty', function() {
defineProp.prop = 5;
}).
on('cycle', function(event) {
console.log(String(event.target));
}).
on('complete', function() {
console.log('Fastest is ' + this.filter('fastest').map('name'));
}).
run();

结果如下:

$ node proxy.js
vanilla x 74,288,023 ops/sec ±0.78% (86 runs sampled)
proxy x 3,625,152 ops/sec ±2.51% (86 runs sampled)
defineProperty x 74,815,513 ops/sec ±0.80% (85 runs sampled)
Fastest is defineProperty,vanilla
$

从这个简单的benchmark中我们可以看到,Proxy的​​set​​ 比直接赋值和defineProperty慢非常多(译者注:ops/sec,每秒进行的操作数,越大越快)。

为防大家好奇,我(原作者)又在node 4.2.1测试了一下​​Object.observe()​​:

$ node proxy.js
vanilla x 78,615,272 ops/sec ±1.55% (84 runs sampled)
defineProperty x 79,882,188 ops/sec ±1.31% (85 runs sampled)
Object.observe() x 5,234,672 ops/sec ±0.86% (89 runs sampled)
Fastest is defineProperty,vanilla

有些​​文章​​​可能让你觉得只要Proxy不用​​get/set​​​而是只设置​​getOwnPropertyDescriptor()​​的话,就比其他的快,于是我(原作者)又试了试:

var _obj = {};
var propertyDescriptor = {
configurable: true,
set: v => { _obj.prop = v; }
};
var proxy = new Proxy(_obj, {
getOwnPropertyDescriptor: (target, prop) => propertyDescriptor
});

不幸的是,反而更慢了:

$ node proxy.js
vanilla x 73,695,484 ops/sec ±1.04% (88 runs sampled)
proxy x 2,026,006 ops/sec ±0.74% (90 runs sampled)
defineProperty x 74,137,733 ops/sec ±1.25% (88 runs sampled)
Fastest is defineProperty,vanilla
$

用Proxy包裹一个函数并调用同样比原生的包裹函数并调用慢非常多:

var Benchmark = require('benchmark');

var suite = new Benchmark.Suite;

var fn = () => 5;
var proxy = new Proxy(function() {}, {
apply: (target, context, args) => fn.apply(context, args)
});

var wrap = () => fn();

// add tests
suite.
add('vanilla', function() {
fn();
}).
add('proxy', function() {
proxy();
}).
add('wrap', function() {
wrap();
}).
on('cycle', function(event) {
console.log(String(event.target));
}).
on('complete', function() {
console.log('Fastest is ' + this.filter('fastest').map('name'));
}).
run();
$ node proxy2.js
vanilla x 78,426,813 ops/sec ±0.93% (88 runs sampled)
proxy x 5,244,789 ops/sec ±2.17% (87 runs sampled)
wrap x 75,350,773 ops/sec ±0.85% (85 runs sampled)
Fastest is vanilla

无用的提升Proxy性能的方法

目前最有影响力的提升Proxy性能的方法是让被修改的属性的configurable设为false:

var _obj = {};
Object.defineProperty(_obj, 'prop', { configurable: false });
var propertyDescriptor = {
configurable: false,
enumerable: true,
set: v => { _obj.prop = v; }
};
var proxy = new Proxy(_obj, {
getOwnPropertyDescriptor: (target, prop) => propertyDescriptor
});

(译者注:这段代码有些问题,​​enumerable​​​在​​configurable​​为false时是无效的)

$ node proxy.js
vanilla x 74,622,163 ops/sec ±0.95% (85 runs sampled)
proxy x 4,649,544 ops/sec ±0.47% (85 runs sampled)
defineProperty x 77,048,878 ops/sec ±0.60% (88 runs sampled)
Fastest is defineProperty
$

要是这样写​​set/get​​​,还不如直接用 ​​Object.defineProperty()​​。

这样写的话,你就不得不设置每个你要在Proxy中用到的属性不可配置(not configurable)。

不然的话,V8就会报错:

var _obj = {};
Object.freeze(_obj);
var propertyDescriptor = {
configurable: false,
enumerable: true,
set: v => { _obj.prop = v; }
};
var proxy = new Proxy(_obj, {
getOwnPropertyDescriptor: (target, prop) => propertyDescriptor
});

// Throws:
// "TypeError: 'getOwnPropertyDescriptor' on proxy: trap returned
// descriptor for property 'prop' that is incompatible with the
// existing property in the proxy target"
// 拦截'prop'属性返回的descriptor和target(原对象)已经存在的属性不匹配
proxy.prop = 5;

Proxy 也要不行了么?

Proxy比 ​​Object.defineProperty()​​有不少优点:


  • Proxy 可以​​嵌套​​​,而​​Object.defineProperty()​​​的​​getter/setter​​就不能嵌套,这样你就不需要知道提前知道你要拦截的所有属性
  • 可以拦截数组变化

但它性能太差了。

性能有多大影响呢?

以Promise和回调为例:

var Benchmark = require('benchmark');

var suite = new Benchmark.Suite;

var handleCb = cb => cb(null);

// add tests
suite.
add('new function', function() {
handleCb(function(error, res) {});
}).
add('new promise', function() {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {});
}).
add('promise resolve', function() {
Promise.resolve().then(() => {});
}).
on('cycle', function(event) {
console.log(String(event.target));
}).
on('complete', function() {
console.log('Fastest is ' + this.filter('fastest').map('name'));
}).
run();
$ node promise.js
new function x 26,282,805 ops/sec ±0.74% (90 runs sampled)
new promise x 1,953,037 ops/sec ±1.02% (86 runs sampled)
promise resolve x 194,173 ops/sec ±13.80% (61 runs sampled)
Fastest is new function
$

Promise也慢了非常多,

但是 ​​bluebird​​声称为Promise提供"非常好的性能",测试一下:

$ node promise.js
new function x 26,986,342 ops/sec ±0.48% (89 runs sampled)
new promise x 11,157,758 ops/sec ±1.05% (87 runs sampled)
promise resolve x 671,079 ops/sec ±27.01% (18 runs sampled)
Fastest is new function

虽然快了很多,但仍然比回调慢不少。

所以我们要因此放弃Promise么?

并不是这样的,很多公司仍然选择了使用Promise。我(原作者)虽然不是很确定,但是Uber好像就在使用Promise。

结论

Proxy很慢,但是在你因其性能而放弃它之前,记得同样性能很差的Promise在最近几年中被快速采用。

如果你想使用代理,很可能你不会感觉到性能的影响,除非你发现自己为了性能的原因改变了Promise库(或者完全避开了它们)。

更新

2019.01, 在node v11.3.0中: Promise已经变得足够好, Proxy还是那样

vanilla x 833,244,386 ops/sec ±0.76% (89 runs sampled)
proxy x 28,590,800 ops/sec ±0.72% (88 runs sampled)
wrap x 824,349,552 ops/sec ±0.87% (86 runs sampled)
Fastest is vanilla,wrap
new function x 834,121,566 ops/sec ±0.82% (89 runs sampled)
new promise x 819,789,350 ops/sec ±0.76% (87 runs sampled)
promise resolve x 1,212,009 ops/sec ±40.98% (30 runs sampled)
Fastest is new function


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