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okhttp3学习笔记

骨灰级搬砖工 2022-03-26 阅读 85

一,简介

OkHttp 是一个高效的 HTTP 客户端,具有非常多的优势:

  1. 能够高效的执行 http,数据加载速度更快,更省流量
  2. 支持 GZIP 压缩,提升速度,节省流量
  3. 缓存响应数据,避免了重复的网络请求
  4. 使用简单,支持同步阻塞调用和带回调的异步调用

OkHttp 支持 Android2.3 以上,JDK1.7 以上。

官网地址:Overview - OkHttp
github地址:https://github.com/square/okhttp

二,使用

1.1. 异步GET请求

-new OkHttpClient;
-构造Request对象;
-通过前两步中的对象构建Call对象;
-通过Call#enqueue(Callback)方法来提交异步请求;

String url = "http://wwww.baidu.com";
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
final Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url(url)
        .get()//默认就是GET请求,可以不写
        .build();
Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
call.enqueue(new Callback() {
    @Override
    public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onFailure: ");
    }

    @Override
    public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
        Log.d(TAG, "onResponse: " + response.body().string());
    }
});

异步发起的请求会被加入到 Dispatcher 中的 runningAsyncCalls双端队列中通过线程池来执行。

1.2. 同步GET请求

前面几个步骤和异步方式一样,只是最后一部是通过 Call#execute() 来提交请求,注意这种方式会阻塞调用线程,所以在Android中应放在子线程中执行,否则有可能引起ANR异常,Android3.0 以后已经不允许在主线程访问网络。

String url = "http://wwww.baidu.com";
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
final Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url(url)
        .build();
final Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
new Thread(new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            Response response = call.execute();
            Log.d(TAG, "run: " + response.body().string());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}).start();

2.1. POST方式提交String

这种方式与前面的区别就是在构造Request对象时,需要多构造一个RequestBody对象,用它来携带我们要提交的数据。在构造 RequestBody 需要指定MediaType,用于描述请求/响应 body 的内容类型,关于 MediaType 的更多信息可以查看 RFC 2045,RequstBody的几种构造方式:

代码:

MediaType mediaType = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");
String requestBody = "I am Jdqm.";
Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
        .post(RequestBody.create(mediaType, requestBody))
        .build();
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
    @Override
    public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onFailure: " + e.getMessage());
    }

    @Override
    public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
        Log.d(TAG, response.protocol() + " " +response.code() + " " + response.message());
        Headers headers = response.headers();
        for (int i = 0; i < headers.size(); i++) {
            Log.d(TAG, headers.name(i) + ":" + headers.value(i));
        }
        Log.d(TAG, "onResponse: " + response.body().string());
    }
});

响应内容

http/1.1 200 OK 
Date:Sat, 10 Mar 2018 05:23:20 GMT 
Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8
Content-Length:18
Server:GitHub.com 
Status:200 OK 
X-RateLimit-Limit:60
X-RateLimit-Remaining:52
X-RateLimit-Reset:1520661052
X-CommonMarker-Version:0.17.4
Access-Control-Expose-Headers:ETag, Link, Retry-After, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval

Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*
Content-Security-Policy:default-src 'none'
Strict-Transport-Security:max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload 
X-Content-Type-Options:nosniff 
X-Frame-Options:deny 
X-XSS-Protection:1; mode=block 
X-Runtime-rack:0.019668
Vary:Accept-Encoding 
X-GitHub-Request-Id:1474:20A83:5CC0B6:7A7C1B:5AA36BC8 
onResponse: <p>I am Jdqm.</p>

2.2 POST方式提交流

2.3. POST提交文件

2.4. POST方式提交表单
 

2.5. POST方式提交分块请求

III.拦截器-interceptor

OkHttp的拦截器链可谓是其整个框架的精髓,用户可传入的 interceptor 分为两类:
①一类是全局的 interceptor,该类 interceptor 在整个拦截器链中最早被调用,通过 OkHttpClient.Builder#addInterceptor(Interceptor) 传入;
②另外一类是非网页请求的 interceptor ,这类拦截器只会在非网页请求中被调用,并且是在组装完请求之后,真正发起网络请求前被调用,所有的 interceptor 被保存在 List<Interceptor> interceptors 集合中,按照添加顺序来逐个调用,具体可参考 RealCall#getResponseWithInterceptorChain() 方法。通过 OkHttpClient.Builder#addNetworkInterceptor(Interceptor) 传入;

这里举一个简单的例子,例如有这样一个需求,我要监控App通过 OkHttp 发出的所有原始请求,以及整个请求所耗费的时间,针对这样的需求就可以使用第一类全局的 interceptor 在拦截器链头去做。

OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .addInterceptor(new LoggingInterceptor())
        .build();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
        .header("User-Agent", "OkHttp Example")
        .build();
okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
    @Override
    public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onFailure: " + e.getMessage());
    }

    @Override
    public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
        ResponseBody body = response.body();
        if (body != null) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onResponse: " + response.body().string());
            body.close();
        }
    }
});

代码段:

public class LoggingInterceptor implements Interceptor {
    private static final String TAG = "LoggingInterceptor";
    
    @Override
    public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
        Request request = chain.request();

        long startTime = System.nanoTime();
        Log.d(TAG, String.format("Sending request %s on %s%n%s",
                request.url(), chain.connection(), request.headers()));

        Response response =  chain.proceed(request);

        long endTime = System.nanoTime();
        Log.d(TAG, String.format("Received response for %s in %.1fms%n%s",
                response.request().url(), (endTime - startTime) / 1e6d, response.headers()));

        return response;
    }
}

针对这个请求,打印出来的结果

Sending request http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt on null
User-Agent: OkHttp Example
        
Received response for https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt in 1265.9ms
Server: nginx/1.10.0 (Ubuntu)
Date: Wed, 28 Mar 2018 08:19:48 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 1759
Last-Modified: Tue, 27 May 2014 02:35:47 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5383fa03-6df"
Accept-Ranges: bytes



链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/da4a806e599b

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