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Java学习笔记6——网络编程

_铁马冰河_ 2022-01-31 阅读 77

目录

基础知识

请自行翻阅《计算机网络》

查询IP地址


public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);

            // 查询网站地址
            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);
            //常用方法
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己的电脑的名字

        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

输出:

端口

端口:表示计算机的一个程序的进程,任务管理器里面有个PID(PortID)。就比如一栋楼是一个IP,每一户人家就是一个port,端口里面进去之后可以操作许多东西。不同的进程有不同的端口号,用来区分软件。

还会分为TCP端口和UDP端口:这每一个都有65535,所以正常端口号数量是65535*2。假如你TCP用了80,UDP也可以用80,因为这两协议不冲突。但是单个协议下,端口号不能冲突。

端口分类:

  1. 公有端口:0~1023
    HTTP:80
    HTTPS:443
    FTP:21
    Telent:23
  2. 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配给用户或者程序
    Tomcat:8080
    MySQL:3306
    Oracle:1521
  3. 动态、私有端口:49152~65535
    IDEA网页的默认端口是63342

DOS命令:

public class TestInetSocketAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
        InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
        System.out.println(socketAddress);
        System.out.println(socketAddress2);

        System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
        System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址、在这里面改C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
        System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口

    }
}

结果:

通信协议

(详见《计算机网络》)
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要的两个:

  • TCP:用户传输协议,就像打电话,需要建立连接,通了才能聊天。
  • UDP:用户数据报协议,好比发短信,发出去就不管了。

有两个出名的协议:所以才叫TCP/IP协议簇

  • TCP:用户传输协议
  • IP:网络互连协议

TCP实现聊天

客户端:

  1. 通过Socket连接服务器
  2. 发送消息
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;

        try {
            //1.要知道服务器的地址
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            //2.创立一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
            //3.发送消息  IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好,世界".getBytes());

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭资源,先关IO
            if (os != null) {
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        }
    }
}

服务端:

  1. 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
  2. 等待用户的链接 accept
  3. 接收用户的消息
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 一开始就定义这些是为了提升作用域,不定义的话被包裹在try块里无法在finally里调用close
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            //1.我得有一个地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while (true) {
                //2.等待客户端连接过来
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                //3.读取客户端的消息
                is = socket.getInputStream();
                //管道流
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                    baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
                }
                System.out.println(baos.toString());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭资源
            if (baos != null) {
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (serverSocket != null) {
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

由于服务端使用while(true)不停地监听,所以启动一次客户端,服务器端就会收到,客户端不断启动或者重复不断发送,服务端也会不停地收到。

TCP实现文件上传

客户端:


public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建一个Socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
        //2.创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3.读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("G:\\360MoveData\\Users\\cheng\\Desktop\\杂项\\daxiong1.png"));
        //4.写出文件
        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = fis.read(buf)) != -1) {
            os.write(buf, 0, len);
        }

        //通知服务器,我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了(socket通知)

        //确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        //String byte[]
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        byte[] buf2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buf2)) != -1) {
            baos.write(buf2, 0, len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        //5.关闭资源,先开后关
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

服务端:


public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //2.监听客户端的连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直监听(等待客户端连接)
        //3.获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();

        //4.文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }

        //通知客户端我接收完毕了
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接受完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());

        //关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();

    }
}

UDP

发送端:

public class UdpSendDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

        //2.建个包
        String msg = "你好啊,接收端";

        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);

        //3.发送包
        socket.send(packet);

        //4.关闭流
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收端:

public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //还是要等待发送端的链接!
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);

        //接收数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收

        socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收

        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));

        //关闭连接
        socket.close();
    }
}

UDP实现聊天

UDP多线程在线咨询

URL下载网络资源

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