目录
基础知识
请自行翻阅《计算机网络》
查询IP地址
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
// 查询网站地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己的电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出:
端口
端口:表示计算机的一个程序的进程,任务管理器里面有个PID(PortID)。就比如一栋楼是一个IP,每一户人家就是一个port,端口里面进去之后可以操作许多东西。不同的进程有不同的端口号,用来区分软件。
还会分为TCP端口和UDP端口:这每一个都有65535,所以正常端口号数量是65535*2。假如你TCP用了80,UDP也可以用80,因为这两协议不冲突。但是单个协议下,端口号不能冲突。
端口分类:
- 公有端口:0~1023
HTTP:80
HTTPS:443
FTP:21
Telent:23 - 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配给用户或者程序
Tomcat:8080
MySQL:3306
Oracle:1521 - 动态、私有端口:49152~65535
IDEA网页的默认端口是63342
DOS命令:
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址、在这里面改C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口
}
}
结果:
通信协议
(详见《计算机网络》)
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要的两个:
- TCP:用户传输协议,就像打电话,需要建立连接,通了才能聊天。
- UDP:用户数据报协议,好比发短信,发出去就不管了。
有两个出名的协议:所以才叫TCP/IP协议簇
- TCP:用户传输协议
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP实现聊天
客户端:
- 通过Socket连接服务器
- 发送消息
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创立一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,世界".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源,先关IO
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务端:
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的链接 accept
- 接收用户的消息
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 一开始就定义这些是为了提升作用域,不定义的话被包裹在try块里无法在finally里调用close
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) {
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
由于服务端使用while(true)不停地监听,所以启动一次客户端,服务器端就会收到,客户端不断启动或者重复不断发送,服务端也会不停地收到。
TCP实现文件上传
客户端:
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("G:\\360MoveData\\Users\\cheng\\Desktop\\杂项\\daxiong1.png"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buf)) != -1) {
os.write(buf, 0, len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了(socket通知)
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buf2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buf2)) != -1) {
baos.write(buf2, 0, len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源,先开后关
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务端:
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直监听(等待客户端连接)
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接受完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
UDP
发送端:
public class UdpSendDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,接收端";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端:
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//还是要等待发送端的链接!
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}