简介
本篇文章中通过Android获取手机顶部的Activity的方式，来达到监控手机应用使用情况的目的
技术背景
在自己的日常学习中，想要自动收集手机软件各个应用的使用时间，比如得到、极客时间、Keep、微信读书等
但在查找下，没有找到他们有对应的API开发接口，没有办法去获取
小米手机里面有手机应用使用情况，屏幕使用时间里面，数据看着挺好，挺合适的，但也不知道怎么获取
最后只能自己写一个原生的Android应用，通过获取手机顶层Activity的方式，每隔10秒上报服务器，并设置好Activity与应用名称的映射，来达到自己的手机应用使用统计目的
代码细节
完整代码GitHub上有：https://github.com/lw1243925457/self_growth_android
仅做代码参考，目前数据监控上传是有了，但界面这些还很粗糙，没有完善
使用这个功能需要注意下面的几点：
- 1.需要将监听设置为后台服务，避免切换成其他应用后频繁被kill掉
- 2.需要调用相关的权限设置，让用户开启相关的应用情况获取权限
- 3.剩下的就是应用监听代码的编写了
具体的代码如下：
应用监听-获取手机顶层Activity
我们需要新建一个后台服务，继承Service即可，然后开启一个定时器，每十秒获取一次顶层Activity，数据上传部分可忽略
代码如下：
public class MonitorActivityService extends Service {
private String beforeActivity;
private final ActivityRequest activityRequest = new ActivityRequest();
/*
* @param intent
* @param flags
* @param startId
* @return
*/
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
//处理任务
return START_STICKY;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
@SuppressLint("CommitPrefEdits")
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.d("foreground", "onCreate");
//如果API在26以上即版本为O则调用startForefround()方法启动服务
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
setForegroundService();
}
}
/**
* 通过通知启动服务
*
* 10秒获取一次
*/
@androidx.annotation.RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
public void setForegroundService()
{
//设定的通知渠道名称
String channelName = "test";
//设置通知的重要程度
int importance = NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW;
//构建通知渠道
NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel("232", channelName, importance);
channel.setDescription("test");
//在创建的通知渠道上发送通知
NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this, "232");
builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_foreground) //设置通知图标
.setContentTitle("正在监控手机活动并上报")//设置通知标题
.setContentText("正在监控手机活动并上报")//设置通知内容
.setAutoCancel(true) //用户触摸时，自动关闭
.setOngoing(true);//设置处于运行状态
//向系统注册通知渠道，注册后不能改变重要性以及其他通知行为
NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
//将服务置于启动状态 NOTIFICATION_ID指的是创建的通知的ID
startForeground(232,builder.build());
Handler handler=new Handler();
Runnable runnable=new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
Log.d("Monitor Detect", "定时检测顶层应用");
getTopActivity();
handler.postDelayed(this, 10000);
}
};
handler.postDelayed(runnable, 10000);//每两秒执行一次runnable.
}
/**
* 获取手机顶层Activity
*/
public void getTopActivity()
{
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
long beginTime = endTime - 10000;
UsageStatsManager sUsageStatsManager = (UsageStatsManager) this.getSystemService(Context.USAGE_STATS_SERVICE);
String result = "";
UsageEvents.Event event = new UsageEvents.Event();
UsageEvents usageEvents = sUsageStatsManager.queryEvents(beginTime, endTime);
while (usageEvents.hasNextEvent()) {
usageEvents.getNextEvent(event);
if (event.getEventType() == UsageEvents.Event.MOVE_TO_FOREGROUND) {
result = event.getPackageName()+"/"+event.getClassName();
}
}
if (!android.text.TextUtils.isEmpty(result)) {
Log.d("Service", result);
beforeActivity = result;
} else {
Log.d("Before Service", beforeActivity == null ? "null" : beforeActivity);
}
if (beforeActivity == null) {
Toast.makeText(MonitorActivityService.this.getApplicationContext(),"活动为空",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
activityRequest.uploadRecord(beforeActivity, success -> {
}, failed -> {
Toast.makeText(MonitorActivityService.this.getApplicationContext(),"上传失败",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Log.w("Activity", "上传失败:" + failed);
});
}
}
相关权限设置
需要在配置中开启相关的权限
在AndroidManifest.xml文件中加上：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.selfgrowth">
// 应用使用情况权限
<permission android:name="android.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS"/>
......
<queries>
.......
</queries>
<application
.......
</application>
</manifest>
应用启动
在MainActivity中加上启动逻辑
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private AppBarConfiguration mAppBarConfiguration;
private ActivityMainBinding binding;
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
......
// 获取手机使用情况权限
if (!isStatAccessPermissionSet()) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_USAGE_ACCESS_SETTINGS);
this.startActivity(intent);
}
// Android 8.0使用startForegroundService在前台启动新服务
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
{
this.startForegroundService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, MonitorActivityService.class));
}
else{
this.startService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, MonitorActivityService.class));
}
if (!isNotificationEnabled()) {
goToNotificationSetting();
}
}
/**
* 判断允许通知，是否已经授权
* 返回值为true时，通知栏打开，false未打开。
*/
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
private boolean isNotificationEnabled() {
String CHECK_OP_NO_THROW = "checkOpNoThrow";
String OP_POST_NOTIFICATION = "OP_POST_NOTIFICATION";
AppOpsManager mAppOps = (AppOpsManager) this.getSystemService(Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE);
ApplicationInfo appInfo = this.getApplicationInfo();
String pkg = this.getApplicationContext().getPackageName();
int uid = appInfo.uid;
Class appOpsClass = null;
/* Context.APP_OPS_MANAGER */
try {
appOpsClass = Class.forName(AppOpsManager.class.getName());
Method checkOpNoThrowMethod = appOpsClass.getMethod(CHECK_OP_NO_THROW, Integer.TYPE, Integer.TYPE,
String.class);
Field opPostNotificationValue = appOpsClass.getDeclaredField(OP_POST_NOTIFICATION);
int value = (Integer) opPostNotificationValue.get(Integer.class);
return ((Integer) checkOpNoThrowMethod.invoke(mAppOps, value, uid, pkg) == AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchMethodException | NoSuchFieldException | InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return false;
}
/**
* 跳转到app的设置界面--开启通知
*/
private void goToNotificationSetting() {
Intent intent = new Intent();
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) {
// android 8.0引导
intent.setAction("android.settings.APP_NOTIFICATION_SETTINGS");
intent.putExtra("android.provider.extra.APP_PACKAGE", this.getPackageName());
} else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 21) {
// android 5.0-7.0
intent.setAction("android.settings.APP_NOTIFICATION_SETTINGS");
intent.putExtra("app_package", this.getPackageName());
intent.putExtra("app_uid", this.getApplicationInfo().uid);
} else {
// 其他
intent.setAction("android.settings.APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS");
intent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package", this.getPackageName(), null));
}
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
this.startActivity(intent);
}
/**
* Determine whether the application permission with permission to view usage has been obtained
*/
public boolean isStatAccessPermissionSet() {
try {
PackageManager packageManager = this.getPackageManager();
ApplicationInfo info = packageManager.getApplicationInfo(this.getPackageName(), 0);
AppOpsManager appOpsManager = (AppOpsManager) this.getSystemService(APP_OPS_SERVICE);
return appOpsManager.checkOpNoThrow(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, info.uid, info.packageName) == AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
}
}
使用Android Studio启动后就可以看到相关的输出日志了
