1 开发环境搭建

1.1 Windows环境

1. 下载Python。
2. 下载PyCharm。
3. 下载virtualenv。
4. 下载MySQL。可以安转一个数据库GUI。

1.2 Linux环境

1. 下载VMware Workstation Pro。
2. 下载ubuntu和xshell。

用xshell需要是虚拟机桥接。

3. 下载Python。

4. 下载PyCharm。

整个ubuntu还好说，但要是个最小版的Centos，那真就有点小离谱了，所以整个共享目录。

5. 下载virtualenv。

为了方便直接使用。

6. 下载MySQL。

密码更改：
https://blog.csdn.net/hwstars/article/details/122738784?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=mysql%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E5%AE%89%E8%BD%AC%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%AAubuntu&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2_allsobaiduweb~default-0-122738784.142^v70control,201^v4add_ask&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_57309855/article/details/127602061?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522167319614116800213055420%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334…%2522%257D&request_id=167319614116800213055420&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2_allsobaiduend~default-1-127602061-null-null.142^v70control,201^v4add_ask&utm_term=ERROR%201064%20%2842000%29%3A%20You%20have%20an%20error%20in%20your%20SQL%20syntax%3B%20check%20the%20manual%20that%20corresponds%20to%20your%20MySQL%20server%20version%20for%20the%20right%20syntax%20to%20use%20near%20%E2%80%98root%E2%80%99%20at%20line%201&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187
远程连接：
https://blog.csdn.net/a648119398/article/details/122420906?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522167319661216800215020531%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334…%2522%257D&request_id=167319661216800215020531&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2_alltop_positive~default-1-122420906-null-null.142^v70control,201^v4add_ask&utm_term=navicat%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5mysql&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187

https://blog.csdn.net/fengzijinliang/article/details/51387102?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=navicat%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5mysql&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2_allsobaiduweb~default-1-51387102.142^v70control,201^v4add_ask&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187

最后一个问题是发现我的my.cnf中并没有需要注释的代码，反而在/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf文件中，注释掉就好了。
本人所写的博客：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_61823031/article/details/128608050

2 Flask框架简介

2.1 MVC框架对比

• Flask：微框架。易学习、Jinja2模板、内置服务器、扩展丰富，易扩展。
• Django：全能框架、学习成本大
• Tornado：高性能、异步处理、扩展不多
• Bottle：小巧

2.2 下载

2.3 运行

Windows下直接使用PyCharm进行。
Linux下运行：

然后就可以使用Linux的主机IP地址在浏览器上进行访问即可。

2.4 Flask相关

2.5 Flask配置

网络配置
监听网卡：本地网卡（127.0.0.1），整块网卡（0.0.0.0）

这里导入配置的方法，本人选择使用导入py文件配置。
如下：

from flask import Flask
import configs


# 初始化实例
app = Flask(__name__)
# 加载配置文件
app.config.from_object(configs)


@app.route('/')
def hello_world():  # put application's code here
    return 'Hello World!'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0")

DEBUG = True

一直有个警告气死我了，调的时候还导致多了第一句废话，更气了！

3 Flask路由和请求对象

3.1 路由方式

• route()：内部调用add_url_rule()
• add_url_rule()

加入参数的方式。

@app.route("/<name>"):
def hello(name)
	return "hello, %s" % name

• 蓝图

一般使用两个文件来实现，类似如下所示。

from flask import Flask
from controller import start
import configs

# 初始化实例
app = Flask(__name__)
# 加载配置文件
app.config.from_object(configs)

app.register_blueprint(start, url_prefix="/start")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0")

from flask import Flask, Blueprint

start = Blueprint("start", __name__)


@start.route("/")
def hello():
    return "hello, world!"


@start.route("/my")
def hello2():
    return "hello, two!"

3.2 HTTP请求

• DNS解析：根据域名获取IP
• HTTP请求
• HTTP响应

获取请求对象的GET和POST参数
请求的示例代码：

@start.route("/get")
def get():
    var_a = request.args.get("a", "hello")
    return  "request:%s, params:%s,var_a:%s"%(request.method, request.args, var_a)


@start.route("/post", methods=["POST"])
def post():
    var_a = request.form['a'] if "a" in request.form else ''
    return "request:%s, params:%s,var_a:%s"%(request.method, request.form, var_a)

post请求直接刷新浏览器是不行的，这里使用了hackbar这样的一款插件来发送post请求。

还有一种不需要区分的方式：

@start.route("/get")
def get():
    req = request.values
    var_a = req['a'] if 'a' in req else "none"
    # var_a = request.args.get("a", "hello")
    return  "request:%s, params:%s,var_a:%s"%(request.method, request.args, var_a)


@start.route("/post", methods=["POST"])
def post():
    req = request.values
    var_a = req['a'] if 'a' in req else "none"
    # var_a = request.form['a'] if "a" in request.form else ''
    return "request:%s, params:%s,var_a:%s"%(request.method, request.form, var_a)

上传文件

@start.route("/upload", methods=["POST"])
def upload():
    f = request.files['file'] if "file" in request.files else None
    return "request:%s, params:%s,file:%s"%(request.method, request.files, f)

使用Postman进行测试。

如果对于同一个参数a，同时使用get和post的传参，request.values会接受get方式的请求。

4 Flask响应对象和模板

4.1 Flask响应

• text/html

@start.route("/text")
def text():
    return "text/html"


@start.route("/text_same")
def text_same():
    response = make_response("text/html", 200)
    return response

• Json

@start.route("/json")
def json():
    import json
    data = {"a": "b"}
    # 默认text，所以要改成json
    response = make_response(json.dumps(data))
    response.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
    return response

@start.route("/json_same")
def json_same():
    data = {"a": "b"}
    response = make_response(jsonify(data))
    return response 

• 模板响应

@start.route("/template")
def template():
    return render_template("index.html")

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
hello ， template！
</body>
</html>

官方文档中的说明。

4.2 模板引擎Jinja2

• 传递变量

@start.route("/template")
def template():
    # 传值
    # name = "daye"
    # return render_template("index.html", name=name)
    name = "daye"
    context = {"name":name}
    return render_template("index.html", **context)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
hello ， template！
<p>hello ,{{ name }}</p>
</body>
</html>

• Jinja2基本语法

@start.route("/template")
def template():
    # 传值
    # name = "daye"
    # return render_template("index.html", name=name)
    name = "daye"
    context = {"name": name, 'user': {"nickname": "day3", "qq": 12324, "home": "Bejing"}, 'num_list': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}
    return render_template("index.html", **context)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    hello ， template！
    <p>hello ,{{ name }}</p>
    <p>
      {% if user %}
      {{ user.nickname }} QQ：{{ user.qq }} 家庭住址：{{ user.home }}
      {% endif %}
    </p>
    <p>
      {% for tmp in num_list %}
      {{ tmp }}
      {% endfor %}

    </p>
  </body>
</html>

• 模板继承

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>模板</title>
</head>
<body>
{% block content %}

{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

{% extends "common/base.html" %}

{% block content %}
<p>this is extend</p>
{% endblock %}

@start.route("/extend")
def extend():
    return render_template("extend.html")

5 Flask数据库

5.1 数据库配置

下载必要的配置：

增添代码如下所示：

from flask import Blueprint, request, make_response, jsonify, render_template
from sqlalchemy import text
from exts import db

@start.route("/template")
def template():
    # 传值
    # name = "daye"
    # return render_template("index.html", name=name)
    name = "daye"
    context = {"name": name, 'user': {"nickname": "day3", "qq": 12324, "home": "Bejing"}, 'num_list': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}

    sql = text("select * from `user`")
    result = db.engine.execute(sql)
    context['result'] = result
    return render_template("index.html", **context)

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

db = SQLAlchemy()

from flask import Flask
from controller import start
import configs
from exts import db
# 增加session会话保护(任意字符串,用来对session进行加密)
app.secret_key = "day3"
# db绑定app
db.init_app(app)

DEBUG = True
# 数据库配置
HOSTNAME = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = '3306'
DATABASE = 'mysql'
USERNAME = 'root'
PASSWORD = 'root'
DB_URI = 'mysql+mysqldb://{}:{}@{}:{}/{}?charset=utf8'. \
    format(USERNAME, PASSWORD, HOSTNAME, PORT, DATABASE)

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = DB_URI
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = True
SQLALCHEMY_ECHO = True


5.2 Flask通过Model访问数据库

@start.route("/template")
def template():
    # 传值
    # name = "daye"
    # return render_template("index.html", name=name)
    name = "daye"
    context = {"name": name, 'user': {"nickname": "day3", "qq": 12324, "home": "Bejing"}, 'num_list': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}

    # 数据库查询
    # sql = text("select * from `user`")
    # result = db.engine.execute(sql)
    result = User.query.all()
    context['result'] = result
    return render_template("index.html", **context)

from exts import db


class User(db.Model):
    Host = db.Column(db.String(80), primary_key=True)
    User = db.Column(db.String(120))

5.3 自动生成model

下载自动生成model的库。

生成model的命令。

生成的表如下所示：

# coding: utf-8
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy


db = SQLAlchemy()



class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'user'

    Host = db.Column(db.String(255, 'ascii_general_ci'), primary_key=True, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    User = db.Column(db.String(32, 'utf8mb3_bin'), primary_key=True, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Select_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Insert_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Update_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Delete_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Drop_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Reload_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Shutdown_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Process_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    File_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Grant_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    References_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Index_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Alter_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Show_db_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Super_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_tmp_table_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Lock_tables_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Execute_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Repl_slave_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Repl_client_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_view_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Show_view_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_routine_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Alter_routine_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_user_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Event_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Trigger_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_tablespace_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    ssl_type = db.Column(db.Enum('', 'ANY', 'X509', 'SPECIFIED'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    ssl_cipher = db.Column(db.LargeBinary, nullable=False)
    x509_issuer = db.Column(db.LargeBinary, nullable=False)
    x509_subject = db.Column(db.LargeBinary, nullable=False)
    max_questions = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    max_updates = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    max_connections = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    max_user_connections = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    plugin = db.Column(db.String(64, 'utf8mb3_bin'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    authentication_string = db.Column(db.Text(collation='utf8mb3_bin'))
    password_expired = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    password_last_changed = db.Column(db.DateTime)
    password_lifetime = db.Column(db.SmallInteger)
    account_locked = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_role_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Drop_role_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Password_reuse_history = db.Column(db.SmallInteger)
    Password_reuse_time = db.Column(db.SmallInteger)
    Password_require_current = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'))
    User_attributes = db.Column(db.JSON)

写好的model读入数据库。

from app import app, db
if __name__ == '__main__':
    from models import User

    with app.app_context():
        db.create_all()
    # app.run(host="0.0.0.0")

6 MVC优化

• flask_script自定义启动命令
• 多环境配置文件
• flask_debugtoolbar
• 错误拦截器
• 请求拦截器

7 登录和注册功能实现

7.1 猫影前台功能

用户数据表设计



导出建表SQL语句

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user`  (
  `id` int(0) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `nickname` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '昵称',
  `login_name` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '登录用户名',
  `login_pwd` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '登录密码',
  `login_salt` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '登录密码随机码',
  `status` tinyint(0) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '状态：0：无效 1：有效',
  `updated_time` datetime(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) COMMENT '最后更新时间',
  `created_time` datetime(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) COMMENT '插入时间',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
  UNIQUE INDEX `UNIQUE`(`login_name`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

7.2 搭建页面

新建member.py文件

from flask import Blueprint, render_template

member_page = Blueprint("member_page", __name__)


@member_page.route("/reg")
def reg():
    return render_template("/member/reg.html")


@member_page.route("/login")
def login():
    return render_template("/member/login.html")

使用bootstrap，此时模板文件为

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>模板</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">

  </head>
  <body>
    <!-- partial:partials/_sidebar.html -->
    <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-inverse" style="border-radius: 0">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
            <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="/">猫影</a>
        </div>

        <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
            <li class="active"><a href="#">影视 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <li><a href="{{ url_for('member_page.login') }}">登录</a></li>
            <li><a href="{{ url_for('member_page.reg') }}">注册</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
      </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
    </nav>
    <div class="container" style="min-height: 600px">
      {% block content %}
      {% endblock %}
    </div>
    <footer class="text-center">
      day3 @2022
    </footer>
    <script src="/static/bootstrap/js/jquery-2.0.3.js"></script>
    <script src="/static/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

注册界面

{% extends "common/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
    <div class="row" style="margin-top: 50px">
        <div class="col-lg-6 col-lg-offset-3">
            <div class="panel panel-default">
                <div class="panel-heading">用户注册</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    <form class="form-horizontal">
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="login_name" class="col-sm-2 control-label">用户名</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="login_name" placeholder="请输入用户名">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="login_email" class="col-sm-2 control-label">邮箱</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="login_email" placeholder="请输入邮箱">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="login_pw1" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="login_pw1" placeholder="请输入密码">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="login_pw2" class="col-sm-2 control-label">确认密码</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="login_pw2" placeholder="请再次输入密码">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="yanzheng" class="col-sm-2 control-label">验证码</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <div class="input-group">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入验证码">
                                <span class="input-group-btn">
                                    <button class="btn btn-default" type="button" id="yanzheng">获取验证码</button>
                                </span>
                            </div><!-- /input-group -->
                            </div>

                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-6">
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-block">确认</button>
                            </div>
                        </div>

                    </form>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

登录界面

{% extends "common/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
    <div class="row" style="margin-top: 50px">
        <div class="col-lg-6 col-lg-offset-3">
            <div class="panel panel-default">
                <div class="panel-heading">用户登录</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    <form class="form-horizontal">
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="login_name" class="col-sm-2 control-label">用户名</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="email" class="form-control" id="login_name" placeholder="请输入用户名">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="login_pwd" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="login_pwd" placeholder="请输入密码">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-6">
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-block">登录</button>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </form>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

7.3 注册功能实现

模板函数

from app import app


class UrlManager(object):
    @staticmethod
    def buildUrl(path):
        config_domain = app.config['DOMAIN']
        return "%s%s"%(config_domain['www'], path)

    @staticmethod
    def buildStaticUrl(path):
        path = "/static" + path
        return UrlManager.buildUrl(path)

发送邮箱验证码
register.js

function bindEmailCaptchaClick(){
  $("#yanzheng").click(function (event){
    // $this：代表的是当前按钮的jquery对象
    var $this = $(this);
    // 阻止默认的事件
    event.preventDefault();

    var email = $("#login_email").val();
    $.ajax({
      // http://127.0.0.1:500
      // /auth/captcha/email?email=xx@qq.com
      url: "/member/captcha/email?email="+email,
      method: "GET",
      success: function (result){
        var code = result['code'];
        if(code == 200){
          var countdown = 5;
          // 开始倒计时之前，就取消按钮的点击事件
          $this.off("click");
          var timer = setInterval(function (){
            $this.text(countdown);
            countdown -= 1;
            // 倒计时结束的时候执行
            if(countdown <= 0){
              // 清掉定时器
              clearInterval(timer);
              // 将按钮的文字重新修改回来
              $this.text("获取验证码");
              // 重新绑定点击事件
              bindEmailCaptchaClick();
            }
          }, 1000);
          // alert("邮箱验证码发送成功！");
        }else{
          alert(result['message']);
        }
      },
      fail: function (){
        console.log("获取验证码失败");
      }
    })
  });
}


// 整个网页都加载完毕后再执行的
$(function (){
  bindEmailCaptchaClick();
});

路由

@member_page.route("/captcha/email")
def get_email_captcha():
    # /captcha/email/<email>
    # /captcha/email?email=xxx@qq.com
    email = request.args.get("email")
    # 4/6：随机数组、字母、数组和字母的组合
    source = string.digits*6
    captcha = random.sample(source, 6)
    captcha = "".join(captcha)
    # I/O：Input/Output
    message = Message(subject="注册验证码", recipients=[email], body=f"您的验证码是:{captcha}")
    mail.send(message)
    # memcached/redis
    # 用数据库表的方式存储
    if len(EmailCaptcha.query.filter(EmailCaptcha.email == email).all()) != 0:
        EmailCaptcha.query.filter(EmailCaptcha.email == email).delete()
        db.session.commit()
    email_captcha = EmailCaptcha(email=email, captcha=captcha)
    db.session.add(email_captcha)
    db.session.commit()
    # RESTful API
    # {code: 200/400/500, message: "", data: {}}
    return jsonify({"code": 200, "message": "出现错误，请重试！", "data": None})

@member_page.route("/login", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template("/member/login.html")
    else:
        form = LoginForm(request.form)
        if form.validate():
            email = form.email.data
            password = form.password.data
            user = User.query.filter_by(login_name=email).first()
            if not user:
                print("邮箱在数据库中不存在！")
                return render_template("/member/login.html")
            else:
                if check_password_hash(user.login_pwd, password):
                    # cookie：
                    # cookie中不适合存储太多的数据，只适合存储少量的数据
                    # cookie一般用来存放登录授权的东西
                    # flask中的session，是经过加密后存储在cookie中的
                    session['user_id'] = user.id
                    return render_template("/index.html")
                else:
                    print("密码错误！")
                    return render_template("/member/login.html")
        else:
            print(form.errors)
            return render_template("/member/login.html")

表单验证。

import wtforms
from wtforms.validators import Email, Length, EqualTo, InputRequired
from user import EmailCaptcha, User
from exts import db


# Form：主要就是用来验证前端提交的数据是否符合要求
class RegisterForm(wtforms.Form):
    email = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Email(message="邮箱格式错误！")])
    captcha = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=6, max=6, message="验证码格式错误！")])
    username = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=3, max=20, message="用户名格式错误！")])
    password = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=6, max=20, message="密码格式错误！")])
    password_confirm = wtforms.StringField(validators=[EqualTo("password", message="两次密码不一致！")])

    # 自定义验证：
    # 1. 邮箱是否已经被注册
    def validate_email(self, field):
        email = field.data
        user = User.query.filter_by(login_name=email).first()
        if user:
            raise wtforms.ValidationError(message="该邮箱已经被注册！")

    # 2. 验证码是否正确
    def validate_captcha(self, field):
        captcha = field.data
        email = self.email.data
        captcha_model = EmailCaptcha.query.filter_by(email=email, captcha=captcha).first()
        if not captcha_model:
            raise wtforms.ValidationError(message="邮箱或验证码错误！")
        else:
            # todo：可以删掉captcha_model
            db.session.delete(captcha_model)
            db.session.commit()


class LoginForm(wtforms.Form):
    email = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Email(message="邮箱格式错误！")])
    password = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=6, max=20, message="密码格式错误！")])
#
#
# class QuestionForm(wtforms.Form):
#     title = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=3, max=100, message="标题格式错误！")])
#     content = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=3,message="内容格式错误！")])
#
#
# class AnswerForm(wtforms.Form):
#     content = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=3, message="内容格式错误！")])
#     question_id = wtforms.IntegerField(validators=[InputRequired(message="必须要传入问题id！")])

8 获取影视资源

apscheduler
测试apscheduler功能。

from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler
import datetime


def aps_test():
    print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test,trigger="cron",second="*/5")
scheduler.start()

Flask-APScheduler
可以查看一下此时的app.py和manger.py。

from app import app, db, scheduler


def main():
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", use_reloader=True)  # 改为False可以只打印一遍


def create_all():
    from user import User
    with app.app_context():
        db.create_all()


def aps_test():
    import datetime
    print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.apscheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, trigger="cron", second="*/5", id="aps_test")
    scheduler.start()
    # create_all()
    try:
        import sys
        sys.exit(main())
    except Exception as e:
        import  traceback
        traceback.print_exc()

from flask import Flask, session, g
from controller.index import index_page
from controller.member import member_page
from flask_apscheduler import APScheduler
import configs
from user import User
from exts import db, mail

# 初始化实例
app = Flask(__name__)
# 加载配置文件
app.config.from_object(configs)
# 增加session会话保护(任意字符串,用来对session进行加密)
app.secret_key = "day3"

# 调度
scheduler = APScheduler()
scheduler.init_app(app)

# db绑定app
db.init_app(app)
mail.init_app(app)
# 注册蓝图
app.register_blueprint(index_page, url_prefix="/")
app.register_blueprint(member_page, url_prefix="/member")

'''
模板函数
'''

from libs import UrlManager

app.add_template_global(UrlManager.buildUrl, 'buildUrl')
app.add_template_global(UrlManager.buildStaticUrl, 'buildStaticUrl')


@app.before_request
def my_before_request():
    user_id = session.get("user_id")
    if user_id:
        user = User.query.get(user_id)
        setattr(g, "user", user)
    else:
        setattr(g, "user", None)


@app.context_processor
def my_context_processor():
    return {"user": g.user}


@app.errorhandler(404)
def error_404(e):
    return "404 not found"

8.1 影视表设计

下载爬虫相关库。

需要注意

使用Navicat进行数据库的导入。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import re  # 正则表达式，进行文字匹配
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  # (网页解析，获取数据)
import urllib.request, urllib.error  # 制定URL，获取网页数据，urllib.request urllib.error
import xlwt  # 进行Excel操作
import sqlite3  # 进行sqlite数据库操作
def main():
    baseurl = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start="
    datalist = getdata(baseurl)
    # savepath = "豆瓣电影top250.xls"
    dbpath = "movie.db"
    saveData2DB(datalist, dbpath)


findlink = re.compile(r'<a href="(.*?)">')  # 找链接
findImgSrc = re.compile(r'<img.*src="(.*?)"', re.S)  # 图片
findTitle = re.compile(r'<span class="title">(.*)</span>')  # 片名
findRating = re.compile(r'<span class="rating_num" property="v:average">(.*)</span>')  # 评分
findJudge = re.compile(r'<span>(\d*)人评价</span>')  # 评价人数
findInq = re.compile(r'<span class="inq">(.*)</span>')  # 概况
findBd = re.compile(r'<p class="">(.*?)</p>', re.S)  # 简介

# 爬取网页
def getdata(baseurl):
    datalist = []
    for i in range(0, 10):
        url = baseurl + str(i * 25)
        html = askURL(url)
        # 逐一解析数据
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
        for item in soup.find_all('div', class_="item"):

            # print(item)   测试：查看电影item所有信息
            data = []  # 保存信息
            item = str(item)
            link = re.findall(findlink, item)[0]
            # print(link)#影片链接
            data.append(link)  # 添加影片链接
            imgSrc = re.findall(findImgSrc, item)[0]
            data.append(imgSrc)  # 添加图片
            titles = re.findall(findTitle, item)
            if (len(titles) == 2):
                ctitle = titles[0]  # 添加中国名
                data.append(ctitle)
                otitle = titles[1].replace("/", "")  # 去掉无关符号
                data.append(otitle)  # 添加外国名
            else:
                data.append(titles[0])
                data.append(' ')  # 留空
            rating = re.findall(findRating, item)[0]
            data.append(rating)  # 分数

            judgenum = re.findall(findJudge, item)[0]
            data.append(judgenum)  # 评价人数

            inq = re.findall(findInq, item)  # 概述
            if len(inq) != 0:
                inq = inq[0].replace("。", "")  # 去掉句号
                data.append(inq)
            else:
                data.append(" ")
            bd = re.findall(findBd, item)[0]
            bd = re.sub('<br(\s+)?/>(\s+)?', " ", bd)
            bd = re.sub('/', " ", bd)
            data.append(bd.strip())  # 去掉空格
            datalist.append(data)  # 将所有信息放入datalist
    return datalist


def askURL(url):
    head = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36 Edg/92.0.902.78"}
    request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=head)  # 封装
    html = ""
    try:
        response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
        html = response.read().decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')
        # print(html)
    except urllib.error.URLError as e:

        if hasattr(e, "code"):
            print(e, code)
        if hasattr(e, "reason"):
            print(e, reason)
    return html


# 保存数据
def savedata(datalist, savepath):
    print("save....")
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8", style_compression=0)  # 创建workbook对象
    sheet = book.add_sheet("豆瓣电影top250", cell_overwrite_ok=True)  # 创建工作表
    col = ("电影链接", "图片链接", "中文名", "外国名", "评分", "评价人数", "概况", "相关信息")
    for i in range(0, 8):
        sheet.write(0, i, col[i])

    for i in range(0, 250):
        print("第%d条" % (i + 1))
        data = datalist[i]
        for j in range(0, 8):
            sheet.write(i + 1, j, data[j])

    book.save(savepath)


def saveData2DB(datalist, dbpath):
    print("loading.................")
    init_db(dbpath)
    conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
    cur = conn.cursor()
    for data in datalist:
        for index in range(len(data)):
            if index == 4 or index == 5:
                continue
            data[index] = '"' + data[index] + '"'
        sql = '''
                insert into movie250_2(
                info_link,pic_link,cname,ename,score,rated,instroduction,info)
                values(%s)''' % ",".join(data)
        print(sql)
        cur.execute(sql)

        conn.commit()

    cur.close()

    conn.close()

    print("已完成数据库操作")


def init_db(dbpath):
    sql = '''
        create table movie250_2
        (
        id integer primary key autoincrement,
        info_link text,
        pic_link text,
        cname varchar,
        ename varchar,
        score numeric,
        rated numeric,
        instroduction text,
        info,text
        )
    '''
    conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(sql)
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

print("爬取完毕！")

8.2 前端展示

index.html

{% extends "common/base.html" %}
{% block head2 %}
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
  <li class="dropdown">
    <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"
      aria-expanded="false">用户<span class="caret"></span></a>
    <ul class="dropdown-menu">
      <li><a href="#">{{ user.nickname }}</a></li>
      <li><a href="{{ url_for('member_page.logout') }}">退出登录</a></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row">
  {% if data %}
  {% for item in data %}
  <div class="col-md-2">
    <div class="thumbnail">
      <img style="width: 100%;height: 250px" src="{{ item.pic_link | safe}}">
      <div class="caption">
        <a href="{{ item.info_link }}" style="overflow: hidden;text-overflow: ellipsis;display: -webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient: vertical;-webkit-line-clamp: 1">{{ item.cname | safe}}</a>
        <p>豆瓣评分：{{ item.score | safe }}</p>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  {% endfor %}
  {% endif %}
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-12">
    <span class="pagination_page" style="line-height: 84px">共有{{ pages.total_pages }}页 | 每页{{ pages.page_size }}条</span>
    <ul class="pagination pull-right">
      {% if pages.is_prev == 1 %}
      <li>
        <a href="/?p={{ pages.current - 1 }}" aria-label="Previous">
          <span aria-hidden="true">上一页;</span>
        </a>
      </li>
      {% endif %}
      {% for idx in  pages.range%}
      <li {% if pages.current == idx %}class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/?p={{ idx }}">{{ idx }}</a></li>
      {% endfor %}
      {% if pages.is_next == 1 %}
      <li>
        <a href="/?p={{ pages.current + 1 }}" aria-label="Previous">
          <span aria-hidden="true">下一页</span>
        </a>
      </li>
      {% endif %}
    </ul>
  </div>
</div>
{% endblock %}

index.py

from flask import Blueprint, render_template, g, redirect, url_for, request
from user import Movie
import math

index_page = Blueprint("index_page", __name__)


@index_page.route("/")
def index():
    if g.user:
        req = request.values
        page = 1
        if 'p' in req and req['p']:
            page = int(req['p'])

        query = Movie.query

        page_size = 30
        total_count = query.count()
        total_pages = math.ceil(total_count / page_size)
        total_pages = total_pages if total_pages > 0 else 1

        is_prev = 0 if page <= 1 else 1
        is_next = 0 if page >= total_pages else 1

        pages = {
            'page_size':page_size,
            'total_count':total_count,
            'total_pages':total_pages,
            'range':range(1,total_pages+1),
            'is_prev':is_prev,
            'is_next':is_next,
            'current':page
        }

        offset = (page - 1) * pages['page_size']
        limit = page * pages['page_size']
        list_movie = query[offset:limit]
        return render_template("/index.html", data=list_movie, pages=pages)
    else:
        return redirect(url_for("member_page.login"))


@index_page.route("info")
def info():
    req = request.values
    return render_template("info.html")

9 部署

nginx+uwsgi+flask
使用如下命令进行启动。

还可以加进程和线程数提高并发能力

写配置文件

[uwsgi]
chdir=/home/WF/ubuntuFlask/moviecat
http=0.0.0.0:5000
socket=/tmp/logs/movie.sock
module=manger
callable=app
master=true
processes=4
pidfile=/tmp/logs/movie.pid
daemonize=/tmp/logs/movie.log

启动

关闭

重启

下载ngnix
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42973884/article/details/126251718

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39759781/article/details/118303445

半夜三点了还没配好，我真的是服了，留个坑后面补。