hdu 2473 Junk-Mail Filter(并查集的删除操作)

Junk-Mail Filter

Time Limit: 15000/8000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 6537    Accepted Submission(s): 2097

Problem Description

Recognizing junk mails is a tough task. The method used here consists of two steps:
1) Extract the common characteristics from the incoming email.
2) Use a filter matching the set of common characteristics extracted to determine whether the email is a spam.

We want to extract the set of common characteristics from the N sample junk emails available at the moment, and thus having a handy data-analyzing tool would be helpful. The tool should support the following kinds of operations:

a) “M X Y”, meaning that we think that the characteristics of spam X and Y are the same. Note that the relationship defined here is transitive, so
relationships (other than the one between X and Y) need to be created if they are not present at the moment.

b) “S X”, meaning that we think spam X had been misidentified. Your tool should remove all relationships that spam X has when this command is received; after that, spam X will become an isolated node in the relationship graph.

Initially no relationships exist between any pair of the junk emails, so the number of distinct characteristics at that time is N.
Please help us keep track of any necessary information to solve our problem.

Input

There are multiple test cases in the input file.
Each test case starts with two integers, N and M (1 ≤ N ≤ 10 ⁵ , 1 ≤ M ≤ 10 ⁶), the number of email samples and the number of operations. M lines follow, each line is one of the two formats described above.
Two successive test cases are separated by a blank line. A case with N = 0 and M = 0 indicates the end of the input file, and should not be processed by your program.

Output

For each test case, please print a single integer, the number of distinct common characteristics, to the console. Follow the format as indicated in the sample below.

Sample Input

5 6 M 0 1 M 1 2 M 1 3 S 1 M 1 2 S 3 3 1 M 1 2 0 0

Sample Output

Case #1: 3 Case #2: 2

Source

2008 Asia Regional Hangzhou

题目分析:并查集的删除操作,就是为了保持树结构,将并查集对应到一个虚节点,当删除时,不删除指定的虚节点来保持树的结构,而是映射到一个新的虚节点,并进行初始化,之后的操作均在新节点上进行,若要重新删去,那么继续找新的虚节点即可

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#define MAX 110007

using namespace std;

int n,m;

bool used[MAX*10];
int fa[MAX*10];
int id[MAX];
int cnt;

void init ( int n )
{
    for ( int i = 0 ; i < MAX*10 ; i++ )
        fa[i] = i; 
    for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++ )
        id[i] = i;
    cnt = n;
}

int find ( int x )
{
    int b,tx = x;
    while ( tx != fa[tx] )
        tx = fa[tx];
    while ( x != fa[x] )
    {
        b = fa[x];
        fa[x] = tx;
        x = b;
    }
    return tx;
}

void _union ( int x , int y )
{
    x = find ( x );
    y = find ( y );
    fa[x] = y;
}

char s[5];

int main ( )
{
    int a,b;
    int c = 1;
    while ( ~scanf ( "%d%d" ,&n , &m ) , n+m )
    {
        init ( n );
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < m ; i++ )
        {
            scanf ( "%s" , s );
            if ( s[0] == 'M' )
            {
                scanf ( "%d%d" , &a , &b );
                _union ( id[a] , id[b] );
            }
            else 
            {
                scanf ( "%d" , &a );
                id[a] = cnt;
                fa[cnt] = cnt++;
            }
        }
        int ans = 0;
        memset ( used , 0 , sizeof ( used ) );
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++ )
        {
            int x = find(id[i]);
            if ( used[x] ) continue;
            used[x] = 1;
            ans++;
        }
        printf ( "Case #%d: %d\n" , c++, ans );
    }
}