D语言介绍(转)-CFANZ编程社区

整理了有关D语言的介绍，如下：

（邵东好Blog）：

简单地说，D语言是一门新的编程语言，包含了C++、C# 跟 Java的长处，补充了它们的不足。（我想名字的由来可能是比C语言进一步^_^）

D语言的作者 Walter Bright (就一个人哦，暴强!!!)是大名鼎鼎的Symantec C++ compiler的作者，所以这门语言还是值得期待的。

目前的版本是D 0.167，Sep 18, 2006. (关注中, 期待新版本...)

其主页上介绍的特性很多，在我看来，主要还是其垃圾回收机制：

与C++相比，D语言采用了垃圾回收机制(GC)，将程序员从指针堆里解放出来；

与C#/Java相比，其垃圾回收机制不需要虚拟机，运行速度提高，依赖性降低；

是C/C++的高效性与JAVA的安全性之结合。

目前,d语言缺少像java或是.net 丰富的类库，社区也不够活跃，个人感觉这只是了解的人不多而已。就语言特性而言，应该是相当丰富的，由于开源社区有mono和gnu classpath，加之d编译器已经有gnu 版本，前途是不可估量的。Shawn Liu 也对swt 的移植说明了java项目移植的可能性

链接

d 语言站点 http://www.digitalmars.com/
dsource http://www.dsource.org/
d语言中文文档 http://www.dnaic.com/d/
akied http://www.lessequal.com/software/akide/
dwt (swt移植) http://www.dsource.org/projects/dwt/

D语言与其他语言功能比较表：

Feature	D	C	C++	C#	Java
Garbage Collection	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Functions
Function delegates	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Function overloading	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Out function parameters	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Nested functions	Yes	No	No	No	No
Function literals	Yes	No	No	No	No
Dynamic closures	Yes	No	No	No	No
Arrays
Lightweight arrays	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Resizeable arrays	Yes	No	No	No	No
Arrays of bits	Yes	No	No	No	No
Built-in strings	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Array slicing	Yes	No	No	No	No
Array bounds checking	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Associative arrays	Yes	No	No	No	No
Strong typedefs	Yes	No	No	No	No
String switches	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Aliases	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
OOP
Object Oriented	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Multiple Inheritance	No	No	Yes	No	No
Interfaces	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Operator overloading	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Modules	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Dynamic class loading	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Nested classes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Inner (adaptor) classes	No	No	No	No	Yes
Covariant return types	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Properties	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Performance
Inline assembler	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Direct access to hardware	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Lightweight objects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Explicit memory allocation control	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Independent of VM	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Direct native code gen	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Generic Programming
Templates	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Mixins	Yes	No	No	No	No
typeof	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
foreach	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Constraints	Yes	No	No	No	No
Reliability
Contract Programming	Yes	No	No	No	No
Unit testing	Yes	No	No	No	No
Static construction order	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Guaranteed initialization	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
RAII (automatic destructors)	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Exception handling	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
try-catch-finally blocks	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Thread synchronization primitives	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Compatibility
C-style syntax	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Enumerated types	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Support all C types	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
80 bit floating point	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Complex and Imaginary	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Direct access to C	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Use existing debuggers	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Struct member alignment control	Yes	No	No	No	No
Generates standard object files	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Macro text preprocessor	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
Other
Conditional compilation	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Unicode source text	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes