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Linux每日一练第2天 | Linux 基础命令学习心得

晚安大世界 2022-01-21 阅读 67

这里写自定义目录标题

第二天:Linux 基础命令

学习收获

今天学习《每日一练:三天入门Linux系统》第二天课程:Linux基础命令,关于用户、目录、文件等命令都用过,相对比较简单,对于系统信息、网络等有些用过,有些没有用过,特别操作练习了,加深印象~
整个作业在单位的虚拟机环境下运行,操作相对熟悉一些,REDHAT环境,重点学习的命令有2个。

  1. 查看有几个逻辑cpu, 包括cpu型号
    学习 cut 分割命令和uniq 去重命令
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c

  1. nmcli connection 网卡命令

课后作业

在这里插入图片描述

1.用户、文件操作
useradd test
su - test
mkdir -p test/dir1
cd test/dir1
touch testfile.txt
echo "Today is Friday." > testfile.txt
mv  testfile.txt testfile2.txt
cd ..
ls
mv dir1 testdir
rm testdir/testfile2.txt
ls
rm -rf  testdir
su -
userdel test

执行结果

```bash
[root@162 ~]# useradd test
[root@162 ~]# su - test
[test@162 ~]$ mkdir -p test/dir1
[test@162 ~]$ pwd
/home/test
[test@162 ~]$ ls
test
[test@162 ~]$ cd test/dir1
[test@162 dir1]$ pwd
/home/test/test/dir1
[test@162 dir1]$ touch testfile.txt
[test@162 dir1]$ echo "Today is Friday." > testfile.txt
[test@162 dir1]$ cat testfile.txt 
Today is Friday.
[test@162 dir1]$ ls
testfile.txt
[test@162 dir1]$ mv  testfile.txt testfile2.txt
[test@162 dir1]$ ls
testfile2.txt
[test@162 dir1]$ rm testfile2.txt 
[test@162 dir1]$ cd ..
[test@162 test]$ ls
dir1
[test@162 test]$ mv dir1 testdir
[test@162 test]$ ls
testdir
[test@162 test]$ rm testdir/
rm: 无法删除"testdir/": 是一个目录
[test@162 test]$ rm -rf testdir/
[test@162 test]$ cd ..
[test@162 ~]$ ls
test
[test@162 ~]$ rm -rf test/
[test@162 ~]$ su -
密码:
su: 鉴定故障
[test@162 ~]$ su -
密码:

[root@162 ~]# userdel test
userdel: user test is currently used by process 94812
[root@162 ~]# 

2.查看磁盘空间、网络情况、主机和CPU运行情况,尝试修改主机IP地址后重启主机

作业执行结果

[root@162 ~]# df -Th
文件系统                  类型      容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/rhel_162-root xfs        50G   17G   34G   33% /
devtmpfs                  devtmpfs  1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev
tmpfs                     tmpfs     1.9G  133M  1.8G    7% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     tmpfs     1.9G  154M  1.7G    9% /run
tmpfs                     tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                 xfs      1014M  173M  842M   18% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel_162-home xfs        27G  216M   27G    1% /home
tmpfs                     tmpfs     378M   16K  378M    1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                     tmpfs     378M     0  378M    0% /run/user/0
[root@162 ~]# lsblk
NAME              MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0                 2:0    1    4K  0 disk 
sda                 8:0    0   80G  0 disk 
├─sda1              8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2              8:2    0   79G  0 part 
  ├─rhel_162-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─rhel_162-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─rhel_162-home 253:2    0   27G  0 lvm  /home
sr0                11:0    1  3.5G  0 rom  
[root@162 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:69:b3:0e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.9.162/24 brd 172.16.9.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::32d4:3016:541e:9dda/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:1f:ea:93 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:1f:ea:93 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@162 ~]# nmcli connection show
名称    UUID                                  类型            设备   
ens33   7b984bce-ba57-4de0-bedd-7cdb95b7662a  802-3-ethernet  ens33  
virbr0  cab4abfb-f0d5-4333-b626-6756958d3712  bridge          virbr0 
[root@162 ~]# uname -a
Linux 162 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 19 11:24:13 EDT 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@162 ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@x86-039.build.eng.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Oct 19 11:24:13 EDT 2016
[root@162 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor	: 0
vendor_id	: GenuineIntel
cpu family	: 6
model		: 45
model name	: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2609 0 @ 2.40GHz
stepping	: 7
microcode	: 0x710
cpu MHz		: 2399.526
cache size	: 10240 KB
physical id	: 0
siblings	: 1
core id		: 0
cpu cores	: 1
apicid		: 0
initial apicid	: 0
fpu		: yes
fpu_exception	: yes
cpuid level	: 13
wp		: yes
flags		: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx hypervisor lahf_lm arat pln pts dtherm tsc_adjust
bogomips	: 4799.99
clflush size	: 64
cache_alignment	: 64
address sizes	: 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

[root@162 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c      
1  Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2609 0 @ 2.40GHz
[root@162 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c
      1 physical id	: 0
      1 address sizes	: 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
[root@162 ~]# top
top - 01:48:01 up 59 days,  2:45,  3 users,  load average: 0.04, 0.14, 0.15
Tasks: 229 total,   2 running, 223 sleeping,   4 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  1.1 us,  6.4 sy,  0.0 ni, 91.9 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.7 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :  3865524 total,  1646832 free,   737640 used,  1481052 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2097148 free,        0 used.  1661948 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                         
 44393 gbase     20   0  795160 109356   3200 S 23.8  2.8   2434:41 gcware                                                          
 44398 gbase     20   0 1984156  94184  20636 S  1.7  2.4 721:11.96 gclusterd                                                       
 95747 root      20   0  157848   2332   1576 R  0.7  0.1   0:00.13 top                                                             
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 R  0.3  0.0 116:45.70 ksoftirqd/0                                                     
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 R  0.3  0.0  29:15.95 rcu_sched                                                       
   778 root      20   0  317052  20592   4808 R  0.3  0.5  83:42.06 vmtoolsd                                                        
 44464 gbase     20   0    8880    980    428 S  0.3  0.0 249:16.32 gcmmonit                                                        
     1 root      20   0  125336   3920   2432 S  0.0  0.1   1:27.59 systemd                                                         
     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.78 kthreadd                                                        
     7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.03 migration/0                                                     
     8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                                                          
    10 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:39.76 watchdog/0                                                      
    12 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 khelper                                                         
    13 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kdevtmpfs                                                       
    14 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 netns                                                           
    15 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:08.52 khungtaskd  

修改IP地址

配置网络

要修改IP地址,原IP:172.16.9.161 新IP:172.16.9.191,命令如下:

nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.addresses 172.16.9.192/24 ipv4.gateway 172.16.9.1 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes

nmcli connection up ens33

## 要修改IP地址,原IP:172.16.9.161 新IP:172.16.9.191
[root@162 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@162 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33 
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=7b984bce-ba57-4de0-bedd-7cdb95b7662a
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=172.16.9.162
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=172.16.9.1
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
[root@162 network-scripts]# nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.addresses 172.16.9.191/24 ipv4.gateway 172.16.9.1 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes

[root@162 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33 
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=7b984bce-ba57-4de0-bedd-7cdb95b7662a
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=172.16.9.191
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=172.16.9.1
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_PRIVACY=no

[root@162 network-scripts]# nmcli connection up ens33

## 需要重新启动服务器,重建一个连接新的IP服务器
Connecting to 172.16.9.191:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.

Last login: Sat Jan 22 01:13:06 2022 from 172.16.9.162
[root@162 ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.16.9.191  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.16.9.255
        inet6 fe80::32d4:3016:541e:9dda  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

这次作业修改网卡IP还是费了些时间,终于完成了,可以休息一会了。~~~

DBA常用运维命令

下面是DBA运维常用命令,留着以后用到。

查看磁盘空间

df -Th

查看磁盘分区

lsblk
fdisk -l
fdisk -l /dev/sda

操作磁盘分区

fdisk /dev/sda

查看网络信息

ip addr

查看网卡信息

nmcli connection show

配置网络

nmcli connection modify enp0s3 ipv4.addresses 192.168.56.200/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.56.1 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes

nmcli connection up enp0s3

重启网络服务

systemctl restart network

测试连通性

ping 192.168.56.111

ssh 连接远程主机

ssh 192.168.56.111

查看系统内核信息

uname -a

查看系统内核版本

cat /proc/version

查看当前用户环境变量

env

查看系统运行情况

top

查看 CPU 信息

cat /proc/cpuinfo

查看有几个逻辑cpu, 包括cpu型号

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c

查看有几颗cpu,每颗分别是几核

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c

查看内存

free -m
cat /proc/meminfo

关机

init 0
shutdown -h now

相关链接

[1] 活动介绍:http://t.csdn.cn/d3wNw
[2] 学习内容:三天入门Linux系统
[3] 学习内容: 第二天:Linux 基础命令

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