Docker Compose 使用实例详解-CFANZ编程社区

<div class="summary">Docker Compose 是用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用程序的工具,通过 YAML 文件配置应用程序服务,一键启动所有关联容器,这篇文章主要介绍了Docker Compose 使用实例,需要的朋友可以参考下</div>

<div id="navCategory"><h5 class="catalogue">目录</h5><ul class="first_class_ul"><li><a href="#_label0">一、Docker Compose 简介</a></li><li><a href="#_label1">二、安装 Docker Compose</a></li><li><a href="#_label2">三、基础配置文件示例（docker-compose.yml）</a></li><li><a href="#_label3">四、关键配置解析</a></li><li><a href="#_label4">五、常用命令</a></li><li><a href="#_label5">六、完整项目示例（Node.js + MySQL + Nginx）</a></li><li><a href="#_label6">七、高级功能</a></li><li><a href="#_label7">八、最佳实践</a></li><li><a href="#_label8">九、调试技巧</a></li></ul></div><p class="maodian"><a name="_label0"></a></p><h2>一、Docker Compose 简介</h2>

<p>Docker Compose 是用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用程序的工具，通过 YAML 文件配置应用程序服务，一键启动所有关联容器。</p>

<p class="maodian"><a name="_label1"></a></p><h2>二、安装 Docker Compose</h2>

<p><strong>Linux</strong>：</p>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">sudo curl -L "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.32.1/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose</pre></div>

<p><strong>Windows/macOS</strong>：<br />通过 Docker Desktop 安装（已内置 Compose）</p>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">docker-compose --version</pre></div>

<p class="maodian"><a name="_label2"></a></p><h2>三、基础配置文件示例（docker-compose.yml）</h2>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:plain;">version: '3.8' # Compose文件格式版本

services:

web:

build: . # 使用当前目录的Dockerfile构建

ports:

- "8000:80" # 主机端口:容器端口

depends_on:

- db

environment:

- DB_HOST=db

networks:

- mynetwork

db:

image: mysql:8.0

volumes:

- db_data:/var/lib/mysql

environment:

MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: example

MYSQL_DATABASE: myapp

networks:

- mynetwork

healthcheck:

test: ["CMD-SHELL", "mysqladmin ping -h localhost"]

interval: 30s

timeout: 10s

retries: 3

volumes:

db_data:

networks:

mynetwork:

driver: bridge</pre></div>

<p class="maodian"><a name="_label3"></a></p><h2>四、关键配置解析</h2>

<ul><li><strong>version</strong>：指定Compose文件格式版本（常用3.x）</li><li><strong>services</strong>：定义服务（容器）<ul><li><code>build</code>：指定构建上下文路径（含Dockerfile）</li><li><code>image</code>：直接使用官方镜像</li><li><code>ports</code>：端口映射</li><li><code>depends_on</code>：服务依赖关系</li><li><code>environment</code>：环境变量设置</li></ul></li><li><strong>volumes</strong>：数据卷定义（持久化存储）</li><li><strong>networks</strong>：自定义网络配置</li><li><strong>healthcheck</strong>：容器健康检查</li></ul>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">docker-compose up -d # 后台启动

docker-compose up --build # 重新构建后启动</pre></div>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">docker-compose down # 停止并删除容器、网络等

docker-compose stop # 仅停止容器</pre></div>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">docker-compose logs -f # 实时查看日志

docker-compose logs web # 查看指定服务日志</pre></div>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">docker-compose exec web bash # 进入web容器</pre></div>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">docker-compose build # 构建所有服务镜像

docker-compose build web # 仅构建web服务镜像</pre></div>

<p class="maodian"><a name="_label5"></a></p><h2>六、完整项目示例（Node.js + MySQL + Nginx）</h2>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:plain;">myapp/

├── docker-compose.yml

├── nginx/

│ ├── nginx.conf

│ └── Dockerfile

├── app/

│ ├── package.json

│ ├── server.js

│ └── Dockerfile

└── .env</pre></div>

<p><strong>docker-compose.yml</strong>：</p>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:plain;">version: '3.8'

services:

nginx:

build: ./nginx

ports:

- "80:80"

depends_on:

- app

networks:

- frontend

- backend

app:

build: ./app

environment:

- NODE_ENV=production

- DB_HOST=db

networks:

- backend

depends_on:

db:

condition: service_healthy

db:

image: mysql:8.0

volumes:

- db_data:/var/lib/mysql

environment:

MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD_FILE: /run/secrets/db_root_password

MYSQL_DATABASE: myapp

secrets:

- db_root_password

networks:

- backend

healthcheck:

test: ["CMD-SHELL", "mysqladmin ping -h localhost"]

interval: 30s

timeout: 10s

retries: 3

volumes:

db_data:

networks:

frontend:

backend:

secrets:

db_root_password:

file: .env</pre></div>

<p><strong>app/Dockerfile</strong>：</p>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:plain;">FROM node:18-alpine

WORKDIR /app

COPY package*.json ./

RUN npm install --production

COPY . .

CMD ["npm", "start"]</pre></div>

<p><strong>nginx/Dockerfile</strong>：</p>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:plain;">FROM nginx:alpine

COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf</pre></div>

<p><strong>nginx/nginx.conf</strong>：</p>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:plain;">server {

listen 80;

location / {

proxy_pass http://app:3000;

proxy_set_header Host $host;

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

}

}</pre></div>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:plain;">DB_ROOT_PASSWORD=supersecret</pre></div>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:plain;"># 扩展服务实例

app:

deploy:

replicas: 3

resources:

limits:

cpus: '0.5'

memory: 512M</pre></div>

<p><strong>多环境配置</strong>：</p>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:plain;"># docker-compose.override.yml（开发环境）

version: '3.8'

services:

app:

build: ./app

volumes:

- ./app:/app # 挂载代码目录实现热更新

environment:

- NODE_ENV=development</pre></div>

<p><strong>使用模板文件</strong>：</p>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:plain;"># docker-compose.yml

services:

app:

image: myapp:${TAG}</pre></div>

<ul><li>使用<code>.env</code>文件管理敏感信息</li><li>为不同环境创建独立的Compose文件（如docker-compose.prod.yml）</li><li>使用健康检查确保服务启动顺序</li><li>对持久化数据使用命名卷</li><li>定期清理未使用的镜像和卷：</li></ul>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">docker system prune -a</pre></div>

<p>查看容器状态：</p>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">docker-compose ps</pre></div>

<p>检查网络配置：</p>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">docker network inspect mynetwork</pre></div>

<p>验证配置文件：</p>

<div class="jb51code"><pre class="brush:bash;">docker-compose config</pre></div>

<p>到此这篇关于Docker Compose 使用实例的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Docker Compose 使用内容请搜索以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持</p>